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NATIONAL FORCES · COMPARISON
Russia vs Türkiye
| Overview | Russia | Türkiye |
|---|---|---|
Active personnel DefinitionFull-time active military personnel; exclude reserves and paramilitary unless explicitly identified. | 1,264,000Estimate · people · November 2025 IISS assessmentSingle sourceNational full-time active military personnel; the separately reported reserve, gendarmerie and paramilitary totals are excluded. | 395,800Estimate · people · 2026Single source2026 estimate. NATO peacetime military personnel strength; excludes trained reserves held at high readiness. National reporting coverage may differ from regular-force-only headcounts. |
Armed forces personnel DefinitionActive-duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces whose training, organisation, equipment and control allow them to support or replace regular forces. This is not an active-regular-only count. | 1,454,000people · 2020Single source2020 annual observation. Active-duty military personnel, including qualifying paramilitary forces; not an active-regular-only count. | 512,000people · 2020Single source2020 annual observation. Active-duty military personnel, including qualifying paramilitary forces; not an active-regular-only count. |
Combat aircraft DefinitionIn-service fixed-wing combat aircraft; exclude stored, retired and ordered aircraft. In service does not establish readiness. | 1,522Estimate · aircraft · 8 Oct 2024Single sourceNational in-service fixed-wing aircraft classified as Combat aircraft by FlightGlobal/Cirium, summing the Active column across all military services listed for the country. Excludes the separately classified trainers, special-mission aircraft, tankers and helicopters, as well as aircraft in storage, undergoing or awaiting upgrades, and orders. This is the directory's active-role inventory estimate, not a measure of combat readiness. | 201Estimate · aircraft · 8 Oct 2024Single sourceNational in-service fixed-wing aircraft classified as Combat aircraft by FlightGlobal/Cirium, summing the Active column across all military services listed for the country. Excludes the separately classified trainers, special-mission aircraft, tankers and helicopters, as well as aircraft in storage, undergoing or awaiting upgrades, and orders. This is the directory's active-role inventory estimate, not a measure of combat readiness. |
Defence spending DefinitionAnnual military expenditure in current US dollars. State fiscal year, coverage and conversion basis in notes. | US$140bnEstimate · USD · 2026 IISS defence budget forecast (November 2025 assessment)Single sourceSource-reported annual official defence budget/appropriation in current US dollars; it is a budget figure, not an assertion of final expenditure or readiness. Explicit 2026 economic-table year column; USD 140bn. The table was compiled in the November 2025 IISS assessment; this annual figure is an assessment/estimate and does not assert a final audited outturn. The explicit 2026 column is forward-looking relative to the November 2025 assessment and is retained as a forecast, not an observed final outturn. | US$20.8bnEstimate · USD · 2026 IISS defence budget forecast (November 2025 assessment)Single sourceSource-reported annual official defence budget/appropriation in current US dollars; it is a budget figure, not an assertion of final expenditure or readiness. Explicit 2026 economic-table year column; USD 20.8bn. The table was compiled in the November 2025 IISS assessment; this annual figure is an assessment/estimate and does not assert a final audited outturn. Source coverage/fiscal-year notes: [b] Includes funding for Secretariat of Defence Industries (SSB); Defence Industry Support Fund; TUBITAK Defense Industries R&D Institute (SAGE); and military pensions The explicit 2026 column is forward-looking relative to the November 2025 assessment and is retained as a forecast, not an observed final outturn. |
GDP DefinitionAnnual nominal GDP in current US dollars, not purchasing-power parity. | US$2.51tnEstimate · USD · 2026 IISS nominal GDP forecast (November 2025 assessment)Single sourceAnnual nominal GDP at current market prices, in source-reported current US dollars. Excludes purchasing-power-parity GDP and real GDP growth. Explicit 2026 economic-table year column; USD 2.51trn. The table was compiled in the November 2025 IISS assessment; this annual figure is an assessment/estimate and does not assert a final audited outturn. The explicit 2026 column is forward-looking relative to the November 2025 assessment and is retained as a forecast, not an observed final outturn. | US$1.58tnEstimate · USD · 2026 IISS nominal GDP forecast (November 2025 assessment)Single sourceAnnual nominal GDP at current market prices, in source-reported current US dollars. Excludes purchasing-power-parity GDP and real GDP growth. Explicit 2026 economic-table year column; USD 1.58trn. The table was compiled in the November 2025 IISS assessment; this annual figure is an assessment/estimate and does not assert a final audited outturn. The explicit 2026 column is forward-looking relative to the November 2025 assessment and is retained as a forecast, not an observed final outturn. |
Main battle tanks DefinitionIn-service main battle tanks; exclude storage and orders. | 3,300Estimate · vehicles · Jun 2025Single sourceApproximately 3,300 Russian main battle tanks in active service in June 2025, including Ground Forces, Naval Infantry, Airborne Forces and the incorporated Donetsk/Luhansk forces. Excludes stored stock, losses and future production columns. | 2,378Estimate · vehicles · 2025 edition; census date not statedSingle sourceTurkish national MBT fleet across Leopard 1/2, M60 and M48 types; includes equipment being upgraded but excludes future Altay orders. |
Population DefinitionTotal resident population; retain the source's reference year. | 143,513,328people · 2025Single source2025 annual observation. Midyear resident population estimate. | 85,878,556people · 2025Single source2025 annual observation. Midyear resident population estimate. |
Reserve personnel DefinitionReported reserve personnel, with mobilisation and training definitions stated in notes. | 1,500,000Estimate · people · November 2025 IISS assessmentSingle sourceNational military reserve pool; excludes the separately reported active and paramilitary personnel. Training/mobilisation definitions remain source-specific. | 378,700Estimate · people · November 2025 IISS assessmentSingle sourceNational military reserve pool; excludes the separately reported active and paramilitary personnel. Training/mobilisation definitions remain source-specific. |
Transport aircraft DefinitionIn-service dedicated fixed-wing military transport aircraft; exclude trainers and orders. | 456Estimate · aircraft · 8 Oct 2024Single sourceNational in-service fixed-wing military transport aircraft classified as Transport by FlightGlobal/Cirium, summing the Active column across all military services listed for the country. Includes strategic, tactical and light liaison/utility transport aircraft; excludes the separately classified trainers, special-mission aircraft, tankers and helicopters, as well as aircraft in storage, undergoing or awaiting upgrades, and orders. This is the directory's active-role inventory estimate, not a measure of immediate availability. | 84Estimate · aircraft · 8 Oct 2024Single sourceNational in-service fixed-wing military transport aircraft classified as Transport by FlightGlobal/Cirium, summing the Active column across all military services listed for the country. Includes strategic, tactical and light liaison/utility transport aircraft; excludes the separately classified trainers, special-mission aircraft, tankers and helicopters, as well as aircraft in storage, undergoing or awaiting upgrades, and orders. This is the directory's active-role inventory estimate, not a measure of immediate availability. |
Major surface combatants DefinitionCommissioned cruisers, destroyers and frigates. Exclude patrol craft and support vessels. | —Not yet documented | 17Estimate · vessels · 22 Jan 2025Single sourceCommissioned cruisers, destroyers and frigates in the national fleet; excludes aircraft carriers, corvettes, patrol, amphibious and support vessels. Fleet count, not immediately deployable strength. |
Nuclear warheads DefinitionWarheads in the military stockpile, deployed or in reserve; exclude retired warheads awaiting dismantlement. Independent estimates, labelled as such. | 4,400Estimate · warheads · 2026 estimateSingle sourceWarheads in the military stockpile: in the custody of the military and earmarked for use by military forces, deployed or in reserve. Excludes retired warheads awaiting dismantlement. | —Not yet documented |
Submarines DefinitionCommissioned submarines; exclude vessels on order and decommissioned vessels. | —Not yet documented | 13Estimate · vessels · 22 Jan 2025Single sourceCommissioned military submarines in the national fleet; excludes orders, construction and uncommissioned trial boats. Fleet count, not immediately deployable strength. |
EQUIPMENT & WEAPONS
Equipment listed in inventory and operator sources, grouped by force and category. Sourced quantities retain their date, variant coverage and inventory status. Equipment without a documented count is listed by type.
834 matching equipment types
| Equipment | Russia | Türkiye |
|---|---|---|
| Combat aircraft | ||
| Canadair CF-5 | — | 18Turkish Air Force · 2024 |
| Eurofighter Typhoon | — | In service |
| F-16 Fighting Falcon | — | 235Turkish Air Force · 2025Wikipedia |
| McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II | — | 482024 |
| Mikoyan MiG-29 | 222024 | — |
| Mikoyan MiG-29K | In service | — |
| Mikoyan MiG-29M | 14Aerospace Forces · 2025 | — |
| Mikoyan MiG-31 | 24Aerospace Forces · 2025 | — |
| Mikoyan MiG-35 | In service | — |
| Su-35 | 127Aerospace Forces · 2025 | — |
| Su-57 | ≥21Aerospace Forces · 2025 | — |
| Sukhoi Su-24 | 27Naval Aviation · 2025 | — |
| Equipment | Russia | Türkiye |
|---|---|---|
| Tanks | ||
| Altay (tank) | — | 5Turkish Land Forces · 2023Wikipedia |
| BMPT Terminator | ≥8Russian Ground Forces · 2025Wikipedia | — |
| Leopard 1 | — | 397Army · 2025 398Turkish Land Forces · 2024Wikipedia |
| Leopard 2 | — | 236Army · 2025 350Turkish Land Forces · 2026Wikipedia |
| M48 Patton | — | 7502025 |
| M60 tank | — | 750Army · 2025 650Turkish Land Forces · 2024Wikipedia |
| M60T tank | — | 1652025 |
| T-54/T-55 | 120Russian Ground Forces · 2026Wikipedia 30Naval Infantry (Marines) · 2025 120Army · 2025 | — |
| T-62 | 600Russian Ground Forces · 2026Wikipedia | — |
| T-64 | 50Russian Ground Forces · 2026Wikipedia | — |
| T-72 | 1,000Russian Ground Forces · 2026Wikipedia | — |
| T-80 | 250Russian Ground Forces · 2026Wikipedia 350Army · 2025 | — |
| Equipment | Russia | Türkiye |
|---|---|---|
| Air defence | ||
| 2K22 Tunguska | 190Russian Ground Forces · 2025Wikipedia | — |
| 9K31 Strela-1 | In service | — |
| 9K33 Osa | 20Naval Infantry (Marines) · 2025 100Army · 2025 100Russian Ground Forces · 2025Wikipedia | — |
| 9K35 Strela-10 | 300Russian Ground Forces · 2025Wikipedia | — |
| AK-630 | In service | — |
| Aselsan Gökdeniz | — | In service |
| ATILGAN PMSS | — | 70Turkish Land Forces · 2026Wikipedia |
| DARDO | — | In service |
| Hisar (missile family) | — | In service |
| KORKUT | — | 42Army · 2025 42Turkish Land Forces · 2025 |
| Kortik CIWS | In service | — |
| M42 Duster | — | In service |
| Equipment | Russia | Türkiye |
|---|---|---|
| Small arms | ||
| 9A-91 | In service | — |
| Accuracy International Arctic Warfare | — | In service |
| Accuracy International AWM | In service | In service |
| Accuracy International AX50 | — | In service |
| ADS amphibious rifle | In service | — |
| AEK-971 | In service | — |
| AGS-17 | In service | In service |
| AGS-30 | In service | — |
| AGS-40 Balkan | In service | — |
| AK-103 | In service | — |
| AK-104 | In service | — |
| AK-105 | In service | — |
| Equipment | Russia | Türkiye |
|---|---|---|
| Remote weapon stations | ||
| Aselsan SMASH 200/25 | — | In service |
| Aselsan STAMP | — | In service |
| Equipment | Russia | Türkiye |
|---|---|---|
| Radar & sensors | ||
| 1PN58 | In service | — |
| ACAR Ground Surveillance Radar | — | In service |
| Aimpoint CompM4 | — | In service |
| Aistyonok | In service | — |
| ALP 100-G | — | In service |
| ALP 300-G | — | In service |
| AN/FPS-117 | — | In service |
| AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel | — | In service |
| AN/PEQ-15 | In service | — |
| AN/PVS-4 | — | In service |
| AN/TPQ-36 Firefinder radar | — | In service |
| AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder radar | — | In service |
Coverage is incomplete. “Not documented” means no linked inventory evidence, not zero equipment. Methodology ↗
Points represent sourced observations, including revisions. Revisions on the same effective date are not separate inventory events. Ranges appear in the table and are not plotted as exact points.
| Observation / report period | Value | Source | Claim state |
|---|---|---|---|
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 2 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 60 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 7 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 50 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 6 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 5 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 5 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 2 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 17 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 54 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 50 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 1 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 3 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 3 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 4 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 1 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 4 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 1 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | ≥100 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 4 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 2 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 2 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 50 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 1 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 400 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 2,000 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | ≥8,000 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | ≥1,700 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 1 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 1 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 1 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 92 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 1 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 3 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 1 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 1 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 2 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 237 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 4 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| Source snapshot 2026-10-01 · inventory date unstated | 418 units | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
No shared land boundary is represented in the Natural Earth dataset. Approximate separation between the dataset’s country label points: 2,200 km.
Generalized geography from Natural Earth 1:110m, version 5.1.1. Label-point distance is calculated on a sphere and rounded to the nearest 100 km; it is not a capital-to-capital distance, route, border distance or operational range. Dataset boundaries do not imply recognition of territorial claims.
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:110m, v5.1.1 · Public domain · Research catalogue highlighted
Scores out of 100 on the ForceTally Index. Each bar splits in proportion to the two scores. A point at the centre of the chart means no sourced figure for that part.
Points represent sourced observations, including revisions. Revisions on the same effective date are not separate inventory events. Ranges appear in the table and are not plotted as exact points.
| Observation / report period | Value | Source | Claim state |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 cited source period | 120 units | Wikipedia contributors | approved |
| 2024 cited source period | 12 units | Wikipedia contributors | approved |
| 2024 cited source period | ≥1,200 units | Wikipedia contributors | approved |
| 2024 cited source period | ≥360 units | Wikipedia contributors | approved |
| 2024 cited source period | ≥54 units | Wikipedia contributors | approved |
| 2024 cited source period | ≥36 units | Wikipedia contributors | approved |
| 2024 cited source period | 36 units | Wikipedia contributors | approved |
| 2025 cited source period | 6 units | Wikipedia contributors | approved |
| 2025 cited source period | 10 units | Wikipedia contributors | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 2 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 1 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 16 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 1 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 291 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 36 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 4 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 24 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 28 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 32 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 3 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 24 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 750 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 12 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | ≥36 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | ≥75 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 236 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 397 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 42 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 5 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 6 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 25 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 3 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 7 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 30 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 14 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 1 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 8 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 12 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 19 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 36 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |
| November 2025 IISS assessment | 6 units | International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) | approved |