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Air defence1968–present
Vehicle-mounted SAM system
9K31 Strela-1 is a vehicle-mounted SAM system originating in Soviet Union. It was built by Soviet state factories.
True scale
Sourced dimensions beside a 1.75 m human reference.
Points represent sourced observations, including revisions. Revisions on the same effective date are not separate inventory events. Ranges appear in the table and are not plotted as exact points.
| Observation / report period | Value | Source | Claim state |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28 Sept 2026 | 5.8 m | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| 28 Sept 2026 | 5.8 m | Wikipedia contributors | approved |
Vehicle-mounted SAM system
Soviet Union
1968–present
See list of operators
Arab–Israeli wars Western Sahara War South African Border War Lebanon wars Iran–Iraq War Gulf War Yugoslav wars 2003 invasion of Iraq Russian invasion of Ukraine Syrian Civil War Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)
OKB-16 design bureau (now the Moscow-based KB Tochmash Design Bureau of Precision Engineering)
Soviet state factories
1966
9K31, CA-95
7,000 kg (15,000 lb)
5.8 m (19 ft)
2.4 m (7.9 ft)
2.3 m (7.5 ft) (travelling)
3 (commander, gunner and driver)
5–14 mm (0.20–0.55 in)
4 × 9M31 (or 9M31M)
GAZ 41 V-8 water-cooled petrol 140 hp at 3,400 rpm
20 hp/t (15 kW/t)
0.43 m (1.4 ft)
290 litres (77 US gal)
750 km (470 mi)
100 km/h (62 mph) (road) 10 km/h (6.2 mph) (water)
infrared homing
120 mm (4.7 in)
36 mm (1.4 in)
Frag-HE
3 kg (6.6 lb)
RF Proximity
single-stage Solid-fuel rocket motor
3,500 metres (11,500 ft) (some sources give also higher figures)
Algeria
Angola
Cuba
Croatia
India
Mauritania
Romania
Russia
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Serbia
Syria
Reference text from Wikipedia contributors, used under CC BY-SA 4.0.
9K31 Strela-1 equipment records. Variants, orders and quantities are shown as reported in each inventory source; coverage is incomplete.
AlgeriaArmy exact named equipment holdings: 9K31 Strela-1 (RS-SA-9 Gaskin). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Point-defence. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Army exact named equipment holdings of 9K31 Strela-1 (RS-SA-9 Gaskin). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): AIR DEFENCE / Point-defence. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited. Literal epsilon denotes an IISS estimate rather than an exact census. Missile-system inventories count launchers or self-propelled launcher systems, not missiles or warheads; no conversion into missile rounds. Source parentheses retain employment, lease, reporting designation, alternate model, or included-subset scopes exactly. Own fetched primary and alternate/model identity declarations are retained. Numbers inside an included subset are part of the printed count and are never added again; no sibling or parent specification is copied.
AngolaAir Force/Air Defence exact named equipment holdings: 9K31 Strela-1 (RS-SA-9 Gaskin). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Point-defence. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Croatia
Cuba
EgyptNumber column of the Wikipedia list table under "Air Defense". The list's own wording applies; it is a compiled secondary source, not an official census.
IndiaArmy exact named equipment holdings: 9K31 Strela-1 (RS-SA-9 Gaskin). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Point-defence. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Libya
MauritaniaArmy exact named equipment holdings: 9K31 Strela-1 (RS-SA-9 Gaskin) (reported). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Point-defence. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Mongolia
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Syria
UgandaAlgeria, Angola, Cuba, Croatia, India, Mauritania, Romania, Russia, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Serbia, Syria
Equipment reference ↗Air Force/Air Defence exact named equipment holdings of 9K31 Strela-1 (RS-SA-9 Gaskin). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): AIR DEFENCE / Point-defence. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited. The source marks the whole equipment section with a dagger: serviceability in doubt. Holdings are not readiness. Missile-system inventories count launchers or self-propelled launcher systems, not missiles or warheads; no conversion into missile rounds. Source parentheses retain employment, lease, reporting designation, alternate model, or included-subset scopes exactly. Own fetched primary and alternate/model identity declarations are retained. Numbers inside an included subset are part of the printed count and are never added again; no sibling or parent specification is copied.
Army exact named equipment holdings of 9K31 Strela-1 (RS-SA-9 Gaskin). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): AIR DEFENCE / Point-defence. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited. Missile-system inventories count launchers or self-propelled launcher systems, not missiles or warheads; no conversion into missile rounds. Source parentheses retain employment, lease, reporting designation, alternate model, or included-subset scopes exactly. Own fetched primary and alternate/model identity declarations are retained. Numbers inside an included subset are part of the printed count and are never added again; no sibling or parent specification is copied.