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Anti-aircraft gun Tank gun
85 mm air defense gun M1939 (52-K) is a anti-aircraft gun Tank gun originating in Soviet Union.
Technical data
True scale
Sourced dimensions beside a 1.75 m human reference.
Points represent sourced observations, including revisions. Revisions on the same effective date are not separate inventory events. Ranges appear in the table and are not plotted as exact points.
| Observation / report period | Value | Source | Claim state |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28 Sept 2026 | 7.05 m | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| 28 Sept 2026 | 7.05 m | Wikipedia contributors | approved |
| 28 Sept 2026 | 7.05 m | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| 28 Sept 2026 | 7.05 m | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| 28 Sept 2026 | 7.05 m | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| 28 Sept 2026 | 7.05 m | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| 28 Sept 2026 | 7.05 m | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
Anti-aircraft gun Tank gun
Soviet Union
World War II
1939–1945
combat: 4,500 kg (9,921 lbs) travel: 4,500 kg (9,921 lbs)
7.05 m (23 ft 2 in)
4.7 m (15 ft 5 in) 55 Calibers
2.15 m (7 ft 1 in)
2.25 m (7 ft 5 in)
7
85×629 mmR
9.2 kg (20 lb 5 oz)
85 mm (3.34 in)
Vertical sliding-wedge
Hydro-pneumatic
2-axle and 4-wheeled with outriggers
-3° to 82°
360°
10-12 rounds per minute
792 m/s (2,598 ft/s)
10,500m (34,448 ft) (vertical range)
15.65 km (51,127 ft) (9.72 mi)
The 85 mm air defense gun M1939 (52-K) ( Russian : 85-мм зенитная пушка обр. 1939 г. (52-К) ) was an 85 mm (3.3 in) Soviet anti-aircraft gun , developed under guidance of leading Soviet designers M. N. Loginov and G. D. Dorokhin. This gun was successfully used throughout the Second World War against level bombers and other high- and medium-altitude targets. In emergencies they were utilized as powerful anti-tank weapons. The barrel of the 52-K was the basis for the family of 85-mm Soviet tank guns. After the war some 52-Ks were refitted for peaceful purposes as anti-avalanche guns in mountainous terrain.
Virtually every country behind the Iron Curtain received this gun after World War II for their air defense . In the Soviet Union itself, these guns were largely superseded by the 100 and 130 mm guns.
Adopted in 1939, the 85-mm M1939, like its German counterpart the 88-mm Flak 18/36/37 , was meant for air defense . Like many anti-aircraft (AA) guns of the era it was also provided with anti-tank ammunition in the event a tank should appear.
85-mm M1939 guns were organized into heavy anti-aircraft regiments of 16 guns. The regiments were organized into divisions of the field anti-aircraft forces.
By 1942, the 76.2mm F-34 tank gun of the T-34 medium tank was found to be lacking in range and penetration compared to the German 75 mm Pak 40 anti-tank gun, new mounted on the Stug III and Panzer IV , and markedly inferior to the 88-mm gun of the Tiger I . Military planners directed the design bureaus of both Gen. Vasiliy Grabin and Gen. Fyodor Petrov to modify the 85mm anti-aircraft gun for use as an anti-tank weapon.
Petrov's bureau developed the D-5 85mm gun. Though much too large for the T-34 turret, it could be mounted in the chassis of the SU-122 self-propelled gun to create a tank destroyer. This was done, and the SU-85 tank destroyer went into production. Meanwhile, efforts were underway to redesign the T-34 turret to make it large enough to accommodate the newly developed gun.
Grabin, who had been working on a second 85mm gun, the ZiS-53, at Joseph Stalin Factory No. 92 in Gorky near Moscow, was reassigned to the Central Artillery Design Bureau (TsAKB) in Moscow. His project was turned over to 23-year-old A. Savin. A third team led by K. Siderenko was assigned to yet another 85mm gun project, and developed the S-18, to be used in the modified T-34 turret.
Savin was put to work modifying Grabin's gun to fit the new turret and incorporate other improvements. His initial was added to his gun's designation in recognition of his contribution: the ZiS-S-53. From T-34/85 Model 1944 onwards, all T-34/85s used Savin's ZiS-S-53. It went into production in the spring of 1944. A new antitank gun was then developed, the 100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3) .
52-K Soviet Union Towed AA (85 mm) 400
M1939 (52-K) Soviet Union 85mm Anti-aircraft gun Unknown Acquired from the Soviet Union in 1961 as preparation for the Operation Trikora . Still in service as September 2020 for training purpose.
Reference text from Wikipedia contributors, used under CC BY-SA 4.0.
85 mm air defense gun M1939 (52-K) equipment records. Variants, orders and quantities are shown as reported in each inventory source; coverage is incomplete.
Cuba
Egypt
Indonesia
North KoreaReported count for KS-12. Service scope: Korean People's Army Ground Force; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): quantity: 400. Origin: unstated. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.