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ArtilleryIn service
155 mm self-propelled howitzer
M109 howitzer is a self-propelled artillery originating in United States. The cited manufacturer or builder is Cadillac General Motors Chrysler BMY Harsco , formerly Bowen & McLaughlin York (1974–1994) United Defense (1994–2005) BAE Systems Inc. (2005–present) Samsung (1985–2015) Hanwha (2015–present).
United StatesUS Army M109A1 in 1982 — licensed photograph of the exact source-declared variant.
SFC Mcbride · Public domain · Resized / WebP conversion · Public domain · Source ↗ · ModifiedTechnical data
M109A1
Fielded in 1973, this modification replaced the M126 cannon with a 39 caliber M185, featuring a longer barrel while increasing maximum range to 18,100 meters.
M109A1/A2/A3/A4/A5: empty weight of 52,000 lbs (23.6 metric tons) and combat weight of 55,000 lbs (24.95 metric tons)
M109A1/A2/A3/A4/A5: empty weight of 52,000 lbs (23.6 metric tons) and combat weight of 55,000 lbs (24.95 metric tons)
M109A1/A2/A3/A4/A5/A6/A7: hull length of 20.3 ft, length with gun forward of 32 ft
M109A1/A2/A3/A4/A5/A6/A7: hull length of 20.3 ft, length with gun forward of 32 ft
M109A1–A4: 18.1 km (11.2 mi) (M107, HE) 23.5 km (14.6 mi) (M549A1, RAP/HE)
M109A1–A4: Watervliet Arsenal M185 155 mm 39 caliber, 28 rounds (A1) or 36 rounds (A2–A4)
True scale
Sourced dimensions beside a 1.75 m human reference.
Points represent sourced observations, including revisions. Revisions on the same effective date are not separate inventory events. Ranges appear in the table and are not plotted as exact points.
| Observation / report period | Value | Source | Claim state |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 Oct 2026 | 6 people | Weaponsystems.net | superseded |
| 16 Oct 2026 | 6 people | weaponsystems.net | approved |
M109A1–A4: Detroit Diesel 8V71T 8-cylinder water-cooled supercharged diesel engine 405 hp @ 2.300 rpm
Origin United States
Type Self-propelled howitzer
Crew 6 (commander, driver, 2 gunners, 2 loaders)
Weight 24.0 t combat load
Length 9.05 m overall
Length 9.05 m overall 6.11 m hull
Width 3.15 m
Height 3.27 m including M2HB
Height 3.27 m including M2HB 2.8 m to turret roof
Type 155mm M185 howitzer
Mount M127 mount
Ammunition 28 rounds
Elevation -3° to +75°, manual and hydraulic
Elevation rate 7°/s
Traverse 360°, manual and hydraulic
Traverse rate 11°/s
Range 18.1 km with M107 HE shell
Range 18.1 km with M107 HE shell 23.5 km with M549A1 HERA
Type 12.7mm M2HB heavy machine gun
Mount Pintle mount on turret roof
Ammunition 500 rounds, 100 ready to fire
Traverse Manual traverse and elevation
Stabilizer No
Chassis type Tracked chassis, 7 roadhweels
Layout Drive sprocket front, idler rear
Tread 2.77 m
Track width 0.38 m
Length on ground 3.96 m
Ground pressure 0.80 kg/cm²
Suspension Torsion bar
Engine model Detroit Diesel 8V71T
Engine type V8 water cooled supercharged diesel
Power output 405 hp at 2.300 rpm
Transmission Allison XTG-411-2A
Transmission Allison XTG-411-2A 4 forward, 2 reverse
Fuel 511 L
Speed 56 km/h on road
Range 350 km on road
Turn radius Pivot
Power to weight ratio 16.9 hp/t
Ground clearance 0.45 m
Wall 0.5 m
Trench 1.3 m
Gradient 60 %
Slope 40 %
Fording 1.1 m unprepared
Fording 1.1 m unprepared Amphibious with preparation and flotation devices
Armor type Aluminum hull and turret
Armor thickness 32 mm hull all around
Armor thickness 32 mm hull all around 32 mm turret all around
NBC system No
Smoke system No
Producer United States - Bowen-McLaughlin-York South Korea
Producer United States - Bowen-McLaughlin-York South Korea
Origin United States
Type Self-propelled howitzer
Crew 6 (commander, driver, 2 gunners, 2 loaders)
Weight 24.0 t combat load
Length 9.05 m overall
Length 9.05 m overall 6.11 m hull
Width 3.15 m
Height 3.27 m including M2HB
Height 3.27 m including M2HB 2.8 m to turret roof
Type 155mm M185 howitzer
Mount M127 mount
Ammunition 28 rounds
Elevation -3° to +75°, manual and hydraulic
Elevation rate 7°/s
Traverse 360°, manual and hydraulic
Traverse rate 11°/s
Range 18.1 km with M107 HE shell
Range 18.1 km with M107 HE shell 23.5 km with M549A1 HERA
Type 12.7mm M2HB heavy machine gun
Mount Pintle mount on turret roof
Ammunition 500 rounds, 100 ready to fire
Traverse Manual traverse and elevation
Stabilizer No
Chassis type Tracked chassis, 7 roadhweels
Layout Drive sprocket front, idler rear
Tread 2.77 m
Track width 0.38 m
Length on ground 3.96 m
Ground pressure 0.80 kg/cm²
Suspension Torsion bar
Engine model Detroit Diesel 8V71T
Engine type V8 water cooled supercharged diesel
Power output 405 hp at 2.300 rpm
Transmission Allison XTG-411-2A
Transmission Allison XTG-411-2A 4 forward, 2 reverse
Fuel 511 L
Speed 56 km/h on road
Range 350 km on road
Turn radius Pivot
Power to weight ratio 16.9 hp/t
Ground clearance 0.45 m
Wall 0.5 m
Trench 1.3 m
Gradient 60 %
Slope 40 %
Fording 1.1 m unprepared
Fording 1.1 m unprepared Amphibious with preparation and flotation devices
Armor type Aluminum hull and turret
Armor thickness 32 mm hull all around
Armor thickness 32 mm hull all around 32 mm turret all around
NBC system No
Smoke system No
Origin United States
Type Self-propelled howitzer
Crew 6 (commander, driver, 2 gunners, 2 loaders)
Weight 24.0 t combat load
Length 9.05 m overall
Length 9.05 m overall 6.11 m hull
Width 3.15 m
Height 3.27 m including M2HB
Height 3.27 m including M2HB 2.8 m to turret roof
Type 155mm M185 howitzer
Mount M127 mount
Ammunition 28 rounds
Elevation -3° to +75°, manual and hydraulic
Elevation rate 7°/s
Traverse 360°, manual and hydraulic
Traverse rate 11°/s
Range 18.1 km with M107 HE shell
Range 18.1 km with M107 HE shell 23.5 km with M549A1 HERA
Type 12.7mm M2HB heavy machine gun
Mount Pintle mount on turret roof
Ammunition 500 rounds, 100 ready to fire
Traverse Manual traverse and elevation
Stabilizer No
Chassis type Tracked chassis, 7 roadhweels
Layout Drive sprocket front, idler rear
Tread 2.77 m
Track width 0.38 m
Length on ground 3.96 m
Ground pressure 0.80 kg/cm²
Suspension Torsion bar
Engine model Detroit Diesel 8V71T
Engine type V8 water cooled supercharged diesel
Power output 405 hp at 2.300 rpm
Transmission Allison XTG-411-2A
Transmission Allison XTG-411-2A 4 forward, 2 reverse
Fuel 511 L
Speed 56 km/h on road
Range 350 km on road
Turn radius Pivot
Power to weight ratio 16.9 hp/t
Ground clearance 0.45 m
Wall 0.5 m
Trench 1.3 m
Gradient 60 %
Slope 40 %
Fording 1.1 m unprepared
Fording 1.1 m unprepared Amphibious with preparation and flotation devices
Armor type Aluminum hull and turret
Armor thickness 32 mm hull all around
Armor thickness 32 mm hull all around 32 mm turret all around
NBC system No
Smoke system No
Reference text from Wikipedia contributors, used under CC BY-SA 4.0.
M109 howitzer equipment records. Variants, orders and quantities are shown as reported in each inventory source; coverage is incomplete.
AustriaReported count for M109 PzHb M109 A5Ö. Country-wide list; no individual service specified. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): quantity: 53. Origin: United States Austria. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
BahrainArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109A5. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
BrazilArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109A5; M109A3; M109A5+. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
ChileArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109A3; M109A5+. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / SP 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
DjiboutiArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109L. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / SP 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
EgyptArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109A5; M109A2. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
GreeceArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109A1B/A2/A3GEA1/A5. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
IndonesiaArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109A4. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
IranReported count for M109A1. Service scope: Iranian Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 150. Origin: United States Iran. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2026), not the article revision. 2026 cited source edition. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
IraqArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109A5; M109A1. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
IsraelStored Army exact named equipment holdings: M109A2. Explicit source inventory scope: stored; independently counted whole stock in store. November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no operational holding, readiness or parent-force total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names and exact storage declarations retained. Stored quantities earn no operational index points.
ItalyReported count for M109 howitzers. Service scope: Italian Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): quantity: 11. Origin: unstated. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
JordanArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109A1/A2. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Kuwait
LatviaReported count for M109A5Ö / M109 Rechenstellenpanzer M109. Service scope: Latvian Land Forces; does not replace a national total. 2 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): quantity: 47 / quantity: 10. Origin: United States Austria. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
LebanonArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109A5; M109A2. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / SP 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
MoroccoArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109A5. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
NorwayReported count for M109A3GN. Service scope: Norwegian Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct quantity component(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Explicit source inventory scope: stored; no other stock status or total inferred. Count column(s): quantity: 33. Origin: United States. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
OmanReported count for M109A0. Service scope: Royal Army of Oman; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 15. Origin: United States. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
PakistanArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109A5; M109A2; M109L. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
PeruArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109A2. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ANTI-TANK/ANTI-INFRASTRUCTURE / SP 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
PortugalStored Army exact named equipment holdings: M109A2. Explicit source inventory scope: stored; independently counted whole stock in store. November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no operational holding, readiness or parent-force total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / SP 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names and exact storage declarations retained. Stored quantities earn no operational index points.
Saudi ArabiaArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109A1B/A2. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / SP 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
South KoreaMarines exact named equipment holdings: M109A2 (K55/K55A1). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
SpainMarines exact named equipment holdings: M109A2. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / SP 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
SwitzerlandOperations Command exact named equipment holdings: M109 KAWEST. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / SP 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
TaiwanArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109A2/A5. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
ThailandArmy exact named equipment holdings: M109A5. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / SP 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
UkraineReported count for M109 · M109A3GN M109A3DK M109A4BE M109A5Ö M109L M109A6 "Paladin". Country-wide list; no individual service specified. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): number: 90. Origin: United States. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Explicitly named source subset; this is not a whole-family total and does not cover other listed designs. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2024), not the article revision. 2024 cited reference period. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates Army holdings only. Army M109L47 self-propelled howitzers.
United StatesUS Army exact named equipment holdings: M109A6; M109A7 (ε850 more M109A6 in store). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / SP 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
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155mm self-propelled howitzer
Self-propelled howitzer
ItalyCompare with M109A1 Self-propelled howitzer
GermanyCompare with M109A1 Self-propelled howitzer
ChinaSelf-propelled howitzer
ChinaSelf-propelled howitzer
ChinaCompare with M109A1 Army exact named equipment holdings: M109A5. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Army exact named equipment holdings: M109A5. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / SP 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Army exact named equipment holdings: M109A2 (K55/K55A1). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Army exact named equipment holdings: M109A5. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / SP 155mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Reported count for M-109 KAWEST WE. Service scope: Swiss Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity (2024): 133. Origin: United States Switzerland. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.