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Surface-to-air missile system
Crotale (missile) is a surface-to-air missile system originating in France. It was built by Thales Group Samsung Group.
FranceTechnical data
True scale
Sourced dimensions beside a 1.75 m human reference.
Points represent sourced observations, including revisions. Revisions on the same effective date are not separate inventory events. Ranges appear in the table and are not plotted as exact points.
| Observation / report period | Value | Source | Claim state |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28 Sept 2026 | 2.89 m | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
| 28 Sept 2026 | 2.89 m | Wikipedia contributors | approved |
| 28 Sept 2026 | 2.89 m | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
Surface-to-air missile system
France
See Operators
Chadian-Libyan conflict South African Border War Russian invasion of Ukraine
Late 1960s
Thales Group Samsung Group
Early 1970s
6,600 missiles (R440)
R440: 80 kg VT-1: 76kg
R440: 2.89 m VT-1: 2.35 m
R440: 15 cm VT-1: 16.5cm
54 cm
forward-directed blast warhead (R.440 and R.460) or blast-fragmentation warhead (VT-1)
R440: 15kg VT-1: 13kg
infrared fuse, converted to RF fuse in later models.
Lens 3 solid-fuel boost-glide (R.440)
VT-1: 11 km Mk3: 15 km
VT-1: 6,000 m Mk3: 9,000 m
R440: 800 m/s (Mach 2.3) VT-1: 1250 m/s (Mach 3.6)
Automatic command to line of sight
Canard and tail axis control
Mobile Launcher, Naval Launch
Reference text from Wikipedia contributors, used under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Crotale (missile) equipment records. Variants, orders and quantities are shown as reported in each inventory source; coverage is incomplete.
BahrainAir Force exact named equipment holdings: Crotale. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Air Force exact named equipment holdings of Crotale. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited. Missile-system inventories count launchers or self-propelled launcher systems, not missiles or warheads; no conversion into missile rounds.
Reported count for Crotale. Service scope: Royal Bahraini Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): number: 7. Origin: France. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
ChileAir Force exact named equipment holdings: Crotale. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
EgyptAir Defence Command exact named equipment holdings: Crotale. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
FinlandArmy exact named equipment holdings: Crotale NG (ITO 90). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
FranceAir and Space Force exact named equipment holdings: Crotale NG. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
GreeceReported count for Crotale NG. Service scope: Hellenic Air Force; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): in service: 9 systems, 18 launchers. Origin: France. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2023), not the article revision. Cited source 2023-02-15. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Morocco
Oman
PakistanAir Force exact named equipment holdings: Crotale. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Saudi ArabiaAir Defence Forces exact named equipment holdings: Crotale. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
South KoreaReported count for K-SAM Chunma. Service scope: Republic of Korea Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): in service: 120. Origin: France South Korea. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
UkraineAir Force exact named equipment holdings of Crotale. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited. Missile-system inventories count launchers or self-propelled launcher systems, not missiles or warheads; no conversion into missile rounds.
Reported count for Crotale · VT-1. Service scope: Egyptian Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 36. Origin: France. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2004), not the article revision. 2004 cited publication year. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Reported count for ITO 90M. Service scope: Finnish Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 20. Origin: France United States. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2015), not the article revision. 2015 cited source edition. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.