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Rockets & launchers1963–present
Multiple rocket launcher
BM-21 Grad is a multiple rocket launcher originating in Soviet Union. The cited manufacturer or builder is Splav State Research and Production Enterprise.
Technical data
True scale
Sourced dimensions beside a 1.75 m human reference.
Points represent sourced observations, including revisions. Revisions on the same effective date are not separate inventory events. Ranges appear in the table and are not plotted as exact points.
| Observation / report period | Value | Source | Claim state |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28 Sept 2026 | 7.35 m | Wikipedia contributors | approved |
| 28 Sept 2026 | 7.35 m | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
Multiple rocket launcher
Soviet Union
1963–present
See operators
Sino-Soviet border conflict Vietnam War Lebanese Civil War Western Sahara War Eritrean War of Independence Angolan Civil War Ogaden War South African Border War Uganda–Tanzania War Cambodian–Vietnamese War Sino-Vietnamese War Iran–Iraq War Soviet–Afghan War Afghan Civil War (1989–1992) Second Sudanese Civil War Gulf War First Nagorno-Karabakh War Yugoslav Wars War in Abkhazia (1992–1993) First Chechen War 1995 Cenepa War Kargil War Second Chechen War Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel Ethiopian invasion of Somalia Russo-Georgian War Cambodian–Thai border dispute Gaza War (2008-2009) 2012 Gaza War Bombardment of Yeonpyeong First Libyan Civil War Syrian civil war Northern Mali conflict War in Donbas Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen Second Nagorno-Karabakh War Tigray War Russo-Ukrainian war 2023 Las Anod conflict Gaza war Kivu conflict 2025 Cambodia‒Thailand conflict
Splav State Research and Production Enterprise
1963
Splav State Research and Production Enterprise
1963–present
100,000 +
See Variants
13.71 tonnes (30,225 lb)
7,350 mm (24 ft 1 in)
3,000 mm (9 ft 10 in)
2,400 mm (7 ft 10 in)
3,090 mm (10 ft 2 in)
3
122 mm
40
2 rounds/s
690 m/s (2,264 ft/s)
0.5–52 km
PG-1M panoramic telescope
V8 gasoline ZiL -375 180 hp (130 kW)
6×6 wheeled
405 km (251 mi)
75 km/h (47 mph)
Afghanistan
Algeria
Angola
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Chad
China
Congo-Brazzaville
Congo-Kinshasa
Côte d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Ecuador
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Finland
Georgia
Ghana
Greece
India
Iran
Iraq
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Lebanon
Hezbollah
Mali
Mauritania
Mexico
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nicaragua
Nigeria
North Korea
North Macedonia
Pakistan
Palestine
Peru
Poland
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
Senegal
Slovakia
Somalia
Somaliland
South Sudan
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Syria
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Reference text from Wikipedia contributors, used under CC BY-SA 4.0.
BM-21 Grad equipment records. Variants, orders and quantities are shown as reported in each inventory source; coverage is incomplete.
AfghanistanReported count for BM-21 Grad. Country-wide list; no individual service specified. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): quantity: 3. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
AlgeriaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
AngolaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Armenia
AzerbaijanArmy exact named equipment holdings of BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): ARTILLERY / 122mm. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited.
Bangladesh
BelarusArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Bosnia and HerzegovinaNumber column of the Wikipedia list table under "Self-propelled artillery". The list's own wording applies; it is a compiled secondary source, not an official census.
BotswanaNumber column of the Wikipedia list table under "Rocket artillery". The list's own wording applies; it is a compiled secondary source, not an official census.
BulgariaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / MRL 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Burkina FasoArmy exact named equipment holdings: APR-40. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
BurundiArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / MRL 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
CambodiaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
CameroonArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / MRL 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
ChadArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
China
CroatiaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / MRL 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Cuba
CyprusNational Guard exact named equipment holdings: BM-21. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Democratic Republic of the CongoArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
EcuadorArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / MRL 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
EgyptArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-11; Sakr-18; Sakr-36. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
EritreaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
EthiopiaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Finland
GeorgiaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / MRL 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Ghana
Greece
GuineaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Guinea-BissauReported count for BM-21. Service scope: Guinea-Bissau Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 9. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
IndiaReported count for Agnibaan. Service scope: Indian Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): quantity: 150 launchers. Origin: Soviet Union India. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
IranReported count for BM-21 Grad. Service scope: Iranian Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 100. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2026), not the article revision. 2026 cited source edition. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
IraqReported count for BM-21 Grad. Service scope: current equipment of the Iraqi Ground Forces; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 300. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2024), not the article revision. 2024 cited source edition. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Ivory CoastArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / MRL 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
KazakhstanArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
KyrgyzstanArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
LaosReported count for BM-21 Grad. Country-wide list; no individual service specified. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 32. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
LebanonArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / MRL 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
LibyaLower-bound count for BM-21 Grad. Service scope: Libyan Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 40+. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
MaliArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Mauritania
Mexico
MongoliaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / MRL 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
MoroccoArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
MozambiqueArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / MRL 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Myanmar
NamibiaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / MRL 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
NicaraguaArmy exact named equipment holdings of BM- 21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): ARTILLERY / : 122mm. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited.
NigeriaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad; APR-21. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / MRL 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
North Korea
North MacedoniaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Pakistan
Palestine
PeruArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / MRL 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
PolandArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
QatarReported count for BM-21 Grad 122 mm. Country-wide list; no individual service specified. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): quantity: 3. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
Republic of the CongoArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
RomaniaArmy exact named equipment holdings: APR-40. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
RussiaAirborne Forces exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Rwanda
SenegalArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad (UKR Bastion-1 mod). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / MRL 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Slovakia
Somalia
South SudanReported count for BM-21 Grad. Country-wide list; no individual service specified. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 15. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2013), not the article revision. 2013 cited reference period. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Sri Lanka
SudanReported count for 122 mm BM-21 'Grad'. Country-wide list; no individual service specified. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): in service: 120. Origin: Soviet Union / Sudan. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
Syria
TajikistanArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
TanzaniaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
ThailandReported count for DTI-2. Service scope: Royal Thai Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): quantity: 1. Origin: Thailand. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
Togo
TurkmenistanArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad; 9P138. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
UgandaReported count for BM-21 Grad. Service scope: Army equipment; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 6. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
UkraineArmy exact named equipment holdings: APR-40. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
UzbekistanArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad; 9P138. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
VenezuelaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
VietnamArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
ZambiaArmy exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / MRL 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Chad, China, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Hezbollah, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, North Korea, North Macedonia, Pakistan, Palestine, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Senegal, Slovakia, Somalia, Somaliland, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo
Equipment reference ↗Army exact named equipment holdings of BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): ARTILLERY / 122mm. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited.
Army exact named equipment holdings of BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): ARTILLERY / 122mm. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited. The source marks the whole equipment section with a dagger: serviceability in doubt. Holdings are not readiness.
Reported count for BM-21. Service scope: Royal Cambodian Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): number: 200. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2025), not the article revision. 2025 cited reference period. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Army exact named equipment holdings of BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): ARTILLERY / 122mm. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited.
Army holdings of the exact named BM-21 Grad component: active, reserve operational and training units, excluding equipment in store. This is a service-scoped observation, not a national total or combat-readiness count. No parent-design, sibling-variant, heading aggregate or mounted-weapon total is inherited.
Reported count for BM-21 Grad. Service scope: Land Forces; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): number: 4. Origin: Russia. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
Army exact named equipment holdings of BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): ARTILLERY / 122mm. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited. The source marks the whole equipment section with a dagger: serviceability in doubt. Holdings are not readiness.
Army exact named equipment holdings of BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): ARTILLERY / 122mm. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited.
Army exact named equipment holdings of BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): ARTILLERY / 122mm. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited.
Army exact named equipment holdings: BM-21 Grad; BM-11. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Reported count for BM-21 Grad. Service scope: Ivorian Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): numbers: 6. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2021), not the article revision. 2021 cited publication year. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Army exact named equipment holdings of BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): ARTILLERY / 122mm. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited.
Reported count for BM-21 Grad. Service scope: Kyrgyz Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): in service: 15. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
Army exact named equipment holdings of BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): ARTILLERY / 122mm. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited.
Army holdings of the exact named BM-21 Grad component: active, reserve operational and training units, excluding equipment in store. This is a service-scoped observation, not a national total or combat-readiness count. No parent-design, sibling-variant, heading aggregate or mounted-weapon total is inherited.
Army holdings of the exact named BM-21 Grad component: active, reserve operational and training units, excluding equipment in store. This is a service-scoped observation, not a national total or combat-readiness count. No parent-design, sibling-variant, heading aggregate or mounted-weapon total is inherited.
Army holdings of the exact named BM-21 Grad component: active, reserve operational and training units, excluding equipment in store. This is a service-scoped observation, not a national total or combat-readiness count. No parent-design, sibling-variant, heading aggregate or mounted-weapon total is inherited.
Army holdings of the exact named BM-21 Grad component: active, reserve operational and training units, excluding equipment in store. This is a service-scoped observation, not a national total or combat-readiness count. No parent-design, sibling-variant, heading aggregate or mounted-weapon total is inherited.
Army exact named equipment holdings of BM- 21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): ARTILLERY / 122mm. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited. Separately printed stored holdings are excluded; their full enclosing in-store clauses remain in the source proof.
Army exact named equipment holdings of BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): ARTILLERY / 122mm. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited.
Army exact named equipment holdings of BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): ARTILLERY / 122mm. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited. The source marks the whole equipment section with a dagger: serviceability in doubt. Holdings are not readiness.
Army exact named equipment holdings of BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): ARTILLERY / 122mm. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited.
Army exact named equipment holdings of BM-21 Grad. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): ARTILLERY / 122mm. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited.
Army holdings of the exact named BM-21 Grad component; source ε estimate, not an exact census. Active, reserve operational and training units, excluding equipment in store. This is a service-scoped observation, not a national total or combat readiness. Any explicit leased subset is included in, not added to, the quoted total. No parent-design or sibling-variant count inherited.