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Air defence6 August 2007 – presentProfile in progress
S-400 is a family of networked air-defence equipment using several missile and radar types. The four-tube launcher is only one component of the system.
RussiaTechnical data
Mobile long-range surface-to-air / anti-ballistic missile system
Russia
6 August 2007 – present
Primary user: Russia See Operators section for others
Syrian Civil War Russo-Ukrainian war 2025 India–Pakistan conflict
Almaz-Antey
Fakel Machine-Building Design Bureau
Domestic : ~ US$500 million for a battery and reserve missiles. Export : US$1 –1.25 billion for a battery and reserve missiles (2021)
YaMZ -8424.10 diesel V12 400 hp (300 kW)
YaMZ
Leaf spring
485 mm (19.1 in)
400 km (250 mi) – 40N6E missile 150 km (93 mi) – 48N6(E) missile 200 km (120 mi) – 48N6M(E2) missile 240 km (150 mi) – 48N6DM(E3) missile 40 km (25 mi) – 9M96 missile 120 km (75 mi) – 9M96M(E2) missile
SARH with all missile model, and ARH in 40N6E, 9M96E2, 9M96E and 9M96 missiles
Reference text from Wikipedia contributors, used under CC BY-SA 4.0.
The system in detail
Large cylindrical canisters ride on a heavy road-mobile chassis or trailer arrangement. Different transporter configurations should not share an assumed common footprint.1
Surveillance and engagement radars have distinct roles. The selected missile mix determines which advertised engagement envelopes apply.1
This page is a system overview with a representative four-tube launcher. It does not claim that every export battery includes every radar or long-range missile option.1
The best-known maximum range is not a guaranteed radius against low-flying targets. Comparisons need missile type, target altitude and radar configuration rather than a single headline number.1
S-400 Triumf equipment records. Variants, orders and quantities are shown as reported in each inventory source; coverage is incomplete.
Algeria
BelarusAir Defence exact named equipment holdings: S-400 (RS-SA-21 Growler). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / None. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
ChinaAir Force exact named equipment holdings: S-400 (RS-SA-21B Growler). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Long-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
IndiaAir Force exact named equipment holdings: S-400 (RS-SA-21 Growler). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Long-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Libya RussiaNaval Aviation exact named equipment holdings: S-400 (RS-SA-21 Growler). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Long-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
TürkiyeAir Force exact named equipment holdings: S-400 (RS-SA-21 Growler). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Long-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Primary user: Russia See Operators section for others
Equipment reference ↗Aerospace Forces exact named equipment holdings: S-400 (RS-SA-21 Growler). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Long-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Aerospace Defence Command exact named equipment holdings: S-400 (RS-SA-21 Growler). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Long-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.