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Air defence1967–present
Tracked medium-range surface-to-air missile system
2K12 Kub is a tracked medium-range surface-to-air missile system originating in Soviet Union. It was built by Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant (SURNs) ZiK (TELs). Reported operators include Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Chad, Cuba, Czech Republic, Egypt, Germany, Hungary, India, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Syria, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Vietnam.
True scale
Sourced dimensions beside a 1.75 m human reference.
Points represent sourced observations, including revisions. Revisions on the same effective date are not separate inventory events. Ranges appear in the table and are not plotted as exact points.
| Observation / report period | Value | Source | Claim state |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28 Sept 2026 | 5.8 m | Wikipedia contributors | approved |
| 28 Sept 2026 | 5.8 m | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
Tracked medium-range surface-to-air missile system
Soviet Union
1967–present
See list of operators
List Yom Kippur War Angolan Civil War Chadian Civil War Western Sahara War Iran–Iraq War 1982 Lebanon War Gulf War Yugoslav wars Kosovo War Syrian Civil War Russo-Ukrainian War Russian invasion of Ukraine Yemeni Civil War (2014–present) 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war
NIIP / Vympel MMZ ( GM chassis )
1958–1967
Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant (SURNs) ZiK (TELs)
1968–1985
500 launchers, 10,000 missiles
2K12 Kub, 2K12E Kvadrat (export version), 2K12M3, 2K12M4
3 3M9M4(or variants) guided missiles
Integral rocket motor/ ramjet booster and sustainer motor
Command guidance with terminal semi-active radar homing (SARH)
599 kg
5,800 mm
335 mm
1.245 m
Frag-HE
59 kg
Contact and proximity
integral rocket motor/ramjet booster and sustainer motor
24 kilometres (15 mi)
Max. 14,000 metres (46,000 ft) Min. 100 metres (330 ft)
Mach 2.8
2P25 TEL
Algeria
Angola
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Chad
Cuba
Czech Republic
Egypt
Germany
Hungary
India
Kazakhstan
Myanmar
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Syria
Tanzania
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Vietnam
Reference text from Wikipedia contributors, used under CC BY-SA 4.0.
2K12 Kub equipment records. Variants, orders and quantities are shown as reported in each inventory source; coverage is incomplete.
Algeria
AngolaReported count for 2K12 Kub. Service scope: National Air Force of Angola; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct quantity component(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Explicit source inventory scope: active; no other stock status or total inferred. Count column(s): in service: 16. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2021), not the article revision. 2021 cited publication year. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Reported count for 2K12 Kub. Service scope: National Air Force of Angola; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): in service: 16. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2021), not the article revision. 2021 cited publication year. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Armenia
Bosnia and HerzegovinaAir Force and Air Defence Brigade exact named equipment holdings: 2K12 Kub (RS-SA-6 Gainful). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
BulgariaReported count for 2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful). Country-wide list; no individual service specified. 1 distinct quantity component(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Explicit source inventory scope: active; no other stock status or total inferred. Count column(s): in service: 20. Origin: USSR. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
ChadArmy exact named equipment holdings: 2K12 Kub (RS-SA-6 Gainful). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Cuba
Czechia
EgyptAir Defence Command exact named equipment holdings: 2K12 Kub (RS-SA-6 Gainful). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Germany
HungaryAir Component exact named equipment holdings: 2K12 Kub (RS-SA-6 Gainful). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
IndiaArmy exact named equipment holdings: 2K12 Kub (RS-SA-6 Gainful). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Kazakhstan
Libya
MyanmarReported count for Kub 2K12M2 (SA-6 "Gainful"). Service scope: Myanmar Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): quantity: 24. Origin: Belarus. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
PolandArmy exact named equipment holdings: 2K12 Kub (RS- SA-6 Gainful). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
RomaniaArmy exact named equipment holdings: 2K12 Kub (RS-SA-6 Gainful). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
SerbiaArmy exact named equipment holdings: 2K12 Kub (RS-SA-6 Gainful). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Slovakia
Syria
Tanzania
TurkmenistanReported count for 2K12 Kub. Service scope: Army air defence; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): number: 4. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
Ukraine
VietnamAlgeria, Angola, Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Chad, Cuba, Czech Republic, Egypt, Germany, Hungary, India, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Syria, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Vietnam
Equipment reference ↗Number column of the Wikipedia list table under "Mobile air defence systems". The list's own wording applies; it is a compiled secondary source, not an official census.
Army exact named equipment holdings of 2K12 Kub (RS-SA-6 Gainful). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited. Missile-system inventories count launchers or self-propelled launcher systems, not missiles or warheads; no conversion into missile rounds. Source parentheses retain employment, lease, reporting designation, alternate model, or included-subset scopes exactly. Own fetched primary and alternate/model identity declarations are retained. Numbers inside an included subset are part of the printed count and are never added again; no sibling or parent specification is copied.
Reported count for 2K12 Kub. Service scope: Hungarian Ground Forces; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct quantity component(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Explicit source inventory scope: reserve; no other stock status or total inferred. Count column(s): quantity in active service: 32 in reserve. Origin: Soviet Union Hungary Poland. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2019), not the article revision. 2019 cited reference period. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Reported count for 2K12 Kub. Service scope: Hungarian Ground Forces; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct quantity component(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Explicit source inventory scope: active; no other stock status or total inferred. Count column(s): quantity in active service: 12. Origin: Soviet Union Hungary Poland. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2019), not the article revision. 2019 cited reference period. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Reported count for 2K12 Kub. Service scope: Hungarian Ground Forces; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity in active service: 12 (32 in reserve). Origin: Soviet Union Hungary Poland. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2019), not the article revision. 2019 cited reference period. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Army exact named equipment holdings of 2K12 Kub (RS-SA-6 Gainful). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited. Missile-system inventories count launchers or self-propelled launcher systems, not missiles or warheads; no conversion into missile rounds. Source parentheses retain employment, lease, reporting designation, alternate model, or included-subset scopes exactly. Own fetched primary and alternate/model identity declarations are retained. Numbers inside an included subset are part of the printed count and are never added again; no sibling or parent specification is copied.
Army exact named equipment holdings of 2K12 Kub (RS- SA-6 Gainful). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited. Missile-system inventories count launchers or self-propelled launcher systems, not missiles or warheads; no conversion into missile rounds. Source parentheses retain employment, lease, reporting designation, alternate model, or included-subset scopes exactly. Own fetched primary and alternate/model identity declarations are retained. Numbers inside an included subset are part of the printed count and are never added again; no sibling or parent specification is copied.
Army exact named equipment holdings of 2K12 Kub (RS-SA-6 Gainful). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited. Missile-system inventories count launchers or self-propelled launcher systems, not missiles or warheads; no conversion into missile rounds. Source parentheses retain employment, lease, reporting designation, alternate model, or included-subset scopes exactly. Own fetched primary and alternate/model identity declarations are retained. Numbers inside an included subset are part of the printed count and are never added again; no sibling or parent specification is copied.
Air Force and Air Defence exact named equipment holdings: 2K12 Kub (RS-SA-6 Gainful). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Air Force and Air Defence exact named equipment holdings of 2K12 Kub (RS-SA-6 Gainful). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only, not a national or parent-force total or combat-readiness measure. Source role(s): AIR DEFENCE / Short-range. No heading aggregate, carried armament, crew, payload, factory production or future order count inherited. Missile-system inventories count launchers or self-propelled launcher systems, not missiles or warheads; no conversion into missile rounds. Source parentheses retain employment, lease, reporting designation, alternate model, or included-subset scopes exactly. Own fetched primary and alternate/model identity declarations are retained. Numbers inside an included subset are part of the printed count and are never added again; no sibling or parent specification is copied.