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Artillery1939–present
Field howitzer
122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30) is a field howitzer originating in Soviet Union. It was built by Plants No. 92 & No. 9. Reported operators include Afghanistan, Armenia, Algeria, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Cambodia, China, DR Congo, Cuba, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kurdistan, North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Libya, Moldova, Mongolia, Mozambique, North Macedonia, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Sahrawi Republic, Sri Lanka, Sudan, South Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen, Zimbabwe.
122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30)
Vitaly V. Kuzmin · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Resized · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source ↗ · ModifiedTechnical data
Field howitzer
Soviet Union
1939–present
World War II Korean War Vietnam War Laotian Civil War Cambodian Civil War Indonesian invasion of East Timor Soviet–Afghan War Lebanese Civil War Iran–Iraq War Second Sudanese Civil War Syrian Civil War Sri Lankan Civil War Russo-Ukrainian War
Design bureau of Motovilikha Plants , headed by F. F. Petrov
1938
Plants No. 92 & No. 9
1939–1960
19,266
M-30S, Chinese Type 54
combat: 2,450 kg (5,401 lbs) travel: 3,100 kg (6,834 lbs)
5.9 m (19 ft 4 in) (with limber)
2.8 m (9 ft 2 in) L/22.7
1.98 m (6 ft 6 in)
1.82 m (6 ft)
True scale
Sourced dimensions beside a 1.75 m human reference.
Points represent sourced observations, including revisions. Revisions on the same effective date are not separate inventory events. Ranges appear in the table and are not plotted as exact points.
| Observation / report period | Value | Source | Claim state |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28 Sept 2026 | 5.9 m | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
8
122 x 284mm .R loading charge and projectile
121.92 mm (4.8 in)
Interrupted screw
Hydro-pneumatic
Split trail
−3° to 63.5°
49°
5–6 rounds per minute
11.8 km (7.33 mi)
Afghanistan
Armenia
Algeria
Bangladesh
Bolivia
Cambodia
China
DR Congo
Cuba
Egypt
Ethiopia
Guinea-Bissau
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Kurdistan
North Korea
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Lebanon
Libya
Moldova
Mongolia
Mozambique
North Macedonia
Pakistan
Romania
Russia
Sahrawi Republic
Sri Lanka
Sudan
South Sudan
Syria
Tanzania
Uganda
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Yemen
Zimbabwe
Reference text from Wikipedia contributors, used under CC BY-SA 4.0.
122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30) equipment records. Variants, orders and quantities are shown as reported in each inventory source; coverage is incomplete.
AfghanistanReported count for M-30. Country-wide list; no individual service specified. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): quantity: 232. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
AlgeriaArmy exact named equipment holdings: M-30. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / None. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Armenia
BangladeshNumber column of the Wikipedia list table under "Towed artillery". The list's own wording applies; it is a compiled secondary source, not an official census.
BoliviaArmy exact named equipment holdings: M-30 (M- 1938). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Cambodia
China
Cuba
Democratic Republic of the CongoArmy exact named equipment holdings: M-30 (M-1938)/D-30/Type- 60. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
EgyptArmy exact named equipment holdings: M-30. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
EthiopiaNumber column of the Wikipedia list table under "Field artillery". The list's own wording applies; it is a compiled secondary source, not an official census.
Guinea-Bissau
IndonesiaReported count for M1938 (M-30). Service scope: Indonesian Navy; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): quantity: 75. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
IranReported count for M-30. Service scope: Iranian Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 100. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2026), not the article revision. 2026 cited source edition. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Iraq
KyrgyzstanArmy exact named equipment holdings: M-30 (M-1938). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Laos
LebanonArmy exact named equipment holdings: M-30. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Libya
MoldovaArmy exact named equipment holdings: M-30 (M-1938). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
Mongolia
MozambiqueReported count for M-30. Service scope: Land Forces; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 24. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2016), not the article revision. 2016 cited publication year. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
NigerArmy exact named equipment holdings: M-30. Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / TOWED 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
North Korea
North Macedonia
PakistanReported count for Type 54-1. Service scope: Pakistan Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): in service: 490. Origin: China. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2024), not the article revision. 2024 cited publication year. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
RomaniaReported count for M30M. Service scope: Land Forces; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): numbers: 202. Origin: Romania. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
RussiaArmy exact named equipment holdings: M-30 (M-1938). Active, operational-reserve and training units excluding equipment in store; November 2025 IISS assessment. Named service only; no parent-force or national total inferred. Source role: ARTILLERY / 122mm. Original estimates, ranges, reporting names, reserve, lease and employment scopes retained; nested included counts are not added. Missile-system quantities mean launchers, not rounds. No readiness, crew, carried weapon, payload, factory-production or future order count inherited.
RwandaReported count for Type-54. Country-wide list; no individual service specified. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): in service: 30. Origin: China. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
South Sudan
Sri Lanka
SudanLower-bound count for 122 mm M-30. Country-wide list; no individual service specified. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): in service: 400+. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
Syria
TanzaniaReported count for Type 54-1. Service scope: Tanzanian Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 80. Origin: Soviet Union China. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
UgandaReported count for M-30. Service scope: Army equipment; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 18. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Yemen
ZimbabweAfghanistan, Armenia, Algeria, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Cambodia, China, DR Congo, Cuba, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kurdistan, North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Libya, Moldova, Mongolia, Mozambique, North Macedonia, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Sahrawi Republic, Sri Lanka, Sudan, South Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen, Zimbabwe
Equipment reference ↗Reported count for M-30. Service scope: Algerian Land Forces; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): number: 60. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2023), not the article revision. 2023 cited source edition. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Reported count for M-30. Service scope: Egyptian Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Excludes retired/reserve/on-order rows. Count column(s): number: 122. Origin: USSR. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. The components do not establish one inventory census date; the stored date is the retrieved source snapshot.
Reported count for M-30(M-1938). Service scope: Kyrgyz Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): in service: 35. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2024), not the article revision. 2024 cited source edition. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Reported count for M-30 · 122 mm. Service scope: Ground Forces; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): numbers: 16. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2022), not the article revision. 2022 cited source edition. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Reported count for M-30. Service scope: Russian Ground Forces; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 50. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2025), not the article revision. 2025 cited reference period. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.