FORCETALLY
Loading the evidence…
Preparing your view.
Preparing your view.
Artillery1961–presentProfile in progress
Anti-tank gun
100 mm anti-tank gun T-12 is a anti-tank gun originating in Soviet Union. Reported operators include Algeria, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Moldova, Russia, Syria, Transnistria, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam.
100 mm anti-tank gun T-12
George Shuklin · CC BY-SA 1.0 · Resized · CC BY-SA 1.0 · Source ↗ · ModifiedAnti-tank gun
Soviet Union
1961–present
See Operators
See Combat history
2,750 kg (6,060 lb)
9.16 m (30 ft 1 in)
6.3 m (20 ft 8 in) 63 calibers
1.795 m (5 ft 11 in)
1.565 m (5 ft 2 in)
6
Fixed QF 100 × 910 mmR (R/147mm)
100 millimetres (3.9 in)
Hydro-pneumatic
Transport: Ural-375D (6×6) On road: 60 km/h (37 mph) Off road: 15 km/h (9 mph)
−10° to +20°
27° left or right
14 rpm (max possible) 10 rpm (max likely) 4 to 6 rpm (typical)
See Ammunition
See Ammunition
Algeria : 10
Bulgaria : 126
Cambodia : 80
Georgia : 16
Kazakhstan : 68
Kyrgyzstan : 18
Mali
Moldova : 37
Russia
Syria : 20+
Transnistria
Turkmenistan : 60
Ukraine : 500
Uzbekistan : 36
Vietnam
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Cuba
East Germany : 267
Egypt : 100
Ethiopia : 50
Hungary
Iraq : 100
People's Republic of Kampuchea : 15
Mongolia : 25
Somalia : 25
South Yemen : 72
Soviet Union
Yugoslavia : 350
2A19 or T-12 is a Soviet -designed 100-mm anti-tank gun .
2A19 or T-12 is a Soviet -designed 100-mm anti-tank gun . It was the first anti-tank gun to adopt a smoothbore barrel, and to introduce modern armor piercing shot, like the APFSDS . It uses long projectiles that are more powerful than its caliber suggests. The T-12 served as the primary towed anti-tank artillery in the Soviet and Bulgarian armies from the early 1960s to the late 1980s.
The T-12 was designed by the construction bureau of the Yurga Machine-Building Plant as a replacement for the BS-3 100 mm gun . The first serial examples were produced in 1955, but the T-12 entered service only in 1961. Its special feature was the use of a smoothbore gun. The T-12 was typically deployed in the anti-tank units of armored and motor rifle regiments to protect flanks against counter-attacks during rapid advances.
By the mid-1990s, modern western tanks' frontal armor protection could no longer be penetrated by a 100 mm gun. The 100 mm caliber ammunition had reached the limits of what could be achieved with it. For a static anti-tank that cannot move to attack the sides of an opponent this is particularly problematic. Today, the T-12 is used mostly in the role of ordinary artillery, using FRAG-HE shells. The T-12 was planned to be superseded by the 2A45 Sprut-B 125 mm smooth bore anti-tank gun.
Another reason to use a smoothbore barrel for armor piercing shot, is that smoothbore guns allow for higher pressures, and thus higher projectile speeds. The result is that the T-12 fired a conspicuously long APFSDS projectile. This BM2 shot (see picture) had a diameter of 38 mm (1.5 in) and used 8.75 kg (19.3 lb) of propellant instead of less than 6 kg (13 lb) for the existing Soviet tank gun. It was fired at a muzzle velocity of 1,540 m/s (5,100 ft/s) as opposed to only 900 m/s (3,000 ft/s) for the usual armor piercing shot. At 1,000 m (3,300 ft) this improved armor penetration from 185 mm (7.3 in) to 230 mm (9.1 in), enough to penetrate most NATO tanks of the period.
In 1958 Nikita Khrushchev saw the T-12 and was so enthusiastic about the gun, that he wanted it placed in the T55 . However, the long ammunition would not fit in the existing Soviet medium-tank turrets. Therefore, the 115 mm U-5TS gun of the T-62 was developed with a larger caliber, so it could use more propellant while not requiring the very long T-12 cartridges.
The T-12 used the carriage of the 85 mm anti-tank gun D-48 . In fact the only difference between the T-12 and the D-48 was the barrel. Both can be told apart by the muzzle brake , which becomes wider towards the end of the D-48's barrel, but has the same width throughout for the T-12 and MT-12. The wheels of both D-48 and T-12 are secured by six bolts. The carriage of the T-12 did not allow it to be towed cross-country by fast tracked vehicles. It was therefore usually towed by trucks. This limited the T-12's cross country movement to only 15 km/h (9.3 mph).
The standard equipment of the T-12 includes multiple sights . The indirect aiming mechanism consists of the S71-40 mechanism with panoramic PG-1M sight. The OP4M-40U sight is used for direct fire. The APN-5-40 or APN-6-40 are used for direct fire by night.
Note: penetration numbers for RHA at 90 degrees.
Round weight: 19.34 kg (42.6 lb)
Projectile weight: 5.65 kg (12.5 lb)
Muzzle velocity: 1,575 m/s (5,170 ft/s)
Maximum range: 3,000 m (3,300 yd)
Penetration: 230 mm at 500 m (9 in at 550 yd) 180 mm at 2,000 m (7 in at 2,200 yd) 140 mm at 3,000 m (5.5 in at 3,300 yd)
Round weight: 19.9 kg (44 lb)
Projectile weight: 4.55 kg (10.0 lb)
Muzzle velocity: 1,548 m/s (5,080 ft/s)
Penetration: 225 mm at 1000 m (8.8 in at 1100 yd)
Round weight: 23.1 kg (51 lb)
Projectile weight: 9.5 kg (21 lb)
Muzzle velocity: 975 m/s (3,200 ft/s)
Maximum range: 1,000 m (1,100 yd)
Penetration: 400 mm (16 in)
Round weight: 28.9 kg (64 lb)
Projectile weight: 16.7 kg (37 lb)
Muzzle velocity: 700 m/s (2,300 ft/s)
Maximum range (indirect): 8,200 m (9,000 yd)
Round weight: 24.5 kg (54 lb)
Projectile weight: 17.6 kg (39 lb)
Average speed: 300 m/s (980 ft/s)
Range: 100–5,000 m (110–5,470 yd)
Penetration: 550–600 mm (22–24 in)
A407 - This artillery system was designed by Arsenal-Resita and is very similar to the MT-12. It can fire the same range of ammunition as the T-54/55 tank and has a maximum range of 2,200 m (7,200 ft) (HEAT) or 4,000 m (13,000 ft) (APC-T). Subversions are the A407M1 and the A407M2 . In Romanian Army service, the A407 is known as the 100 mm anti-tank gun M1977 ( Romanian : Tun antitanc calibrul 100-mm Model 1977 ) and is normally towed by the DAC 887R truck. It can also be towed with the DAC 665T truck. The Model 2002 is an improved version, fitted with the automatic fire control system TAT-100.
Type 86 - This is a 100mm smoothbore anti-tank gun that has some similarities with the 85mm Type 56 (D-44) . It fires ammunition of the fixed type, including the Type 73 HE, Type 73 HEAT, Type 73 APFSDS and Type 86 APFSDS to a maximum range of 1,800 m (5,900 ft).
Эффективная дальность , м Бронебойный подкалиберный снаряд : 1880..2130 Кумулятивный снаряд : 1020..1150
Максимальная дальность, м Бронебойный подкалиберный снаряд : 3000 Кумулятивный снаряд : 5955 Осколочно-фугасный снаряд : 8200
T-12 Soviet Union 100mm Field gun 18 100mm round
T-12 Soviet Union 100mm Anti-tank gun MT-12 Rapira ?
T-12 100 mm towed Anti-tank gun Unknown Soviet Union
Reference text from Wikipedia contributors, used under CC BY-SA 4.0.
True scale
Sourced dimensions beside a 1.75 m human reference.
Points represent sourced observations, including revisions. Revisions on the same effective date are not separate inventory events. Ranges appear in the table and are not plotted as exact points.
| Observation / report period | Value | Source | Claim state |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28 Sept 2026 | 9.16 m | Wikipedia contributors | superseded |
100 mm anti-tank gun T-12 equipment records. Variants, orders and quantities are shown as reported in each inventory source; coverage is incomplete.
AlgeriaNumber column of the Wikipedia list table under "Towed artillery[edit]". The list's own wording applies; it is a compiled secondary source, not an official census.
Bulgaria
Cambodia
GeorgiaNumber column of the Wikipedia list table under "Anti-tank guns". The list's own wording applies; it is a compiled secondary source, not an official census.
Kazakhstan
KyrgyzstanReported count for T-12. Service scope: Kyrgyz Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct quantity component(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Explicit source inventory scope: active; no other stock status or total inferred. Count column(s): in service: 18. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2024), not the article revision. 2024 cited source edition. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Mali
Moldova
Russia
Syria
Turkmenistan
UkraineLower-bound count for T-12 · MT-12 Rapira. Country-wide list; no individual service specified. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): quantity: 200+. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2024), not the article revision. 2024 cited reference period. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.
Uzbekistan
VietnamAlgeria, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Moldova, Russia, Syria, Transnistria, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam
Equipment reference ↗Reported count for T-12. Service scope: Kyrgyz Army; does not replace a national total. 1 distinct count cell(s) from the same source list; shared rowspan cells counted once. Retired, wholly reserve and on-order rows are excluded; the reported count retains any explicitly mixed stock scope in the quoted row. Count column(s): in service: 18. Origin: Soviet Union. The listed variants/roles are the scope, not an immediately deployable count. Dates are the count-cell citations' stated source period (2024), not the article revision. 2024 cited source edition. Edition or publication years do not claim an exact inventory census day.