Credit
颐园居 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Resized · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source ↗ · Modified
FORCETALLY
Loading the evidence…
Preparing your view.
Preparing your view.
At a glance
True scale
Side by side. From every angle. A human reference for perspective.
3.31 MB · Loads when you open it| Model | Length | Width / span | Height |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hongdu JL-8 | ≈ 11.6 m | ≈ 9.63 m (Wingspan) | ≈ 4.1 m |
| SIAI-Marchetti S.211 | ≈ 9.31 m | ≈ 8.43 m (Wingspan) | ≈ 3.8 m |
Scaled uniformly to the sourced length of 11.6 m. The height was fitted to the sourced 4.1 m; the width was fitted to the sourced 9.63 m wingspan. Not an official model or a measured survey.
ForceTally · All rights reserved
Scaled uniformly to the sourced length of 9.31 m. The shape was turned square to the axes; the height was fitted to the sourced 3.8 m; the width was fitted to the sourced 8.43 m wingspan. Not an official model or a measured survey.
ForceTally · All rights reserved
The human reference is a generic 1.75 m figure. Models describe external size, not combat performance.
Measured figures
K-8 · Length
Single source11.6 m (38 ft 1 in)[source]
S-211 · Length
Configuration
| Specification | Hongdu JL-8 | SIAI-Marchetti S.211 |
|---|---|---|
| Type | Jet trainer Light attack[source] | Jet trainer / Light attack aircraft[source] |
| National origin | China Pakistan[source] | Italy[source] |
| Manufacturer | Hongdu Aviation Industry Corporation Pakistan Aeronautical Complex[source] | SIAI-Marchetti Aermacchi[source] |
| Status | In service[source] | Active service with the Philippine Air Force |
9.31 m (30 ft 7 in)[source]
K-8 · Range
Single source2,250 km (1,400 mi, 1,210 nmi)[source]
Ferry; S-211 · with max internal and external fuel, at 3,150 kg (6,940 lb) at 500 km/h (310 mph; 270 kn) at 9,150 m (30,020 ft)
Single sourceS-211 · maximum on internals with 30 minutes reserve fuel
Single source1,668 km (1,036 mi, 901 nmi) maximum on internals with 30 minutes reserve fuel[source]
2,483 km (1,543 mi, 1,341 nmi) with max internal and external fuel, at 3,150 kg (6,940 lb) at 500 km/h (310 mph; 270 kn) at 9,150 m (30,020 ft)[source]
K-8 · 1 × Ivchenko AI-25TLK turbofan engine thrust
Single source1 × Ivchenko AI-25TLK turbofan engine, 16.9 kN (3,800 lbf) thrust[source]
S-211 · 1 × Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D-4D turbofan
Single sourceS-211 · thrust
Single source1 × Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D-4D 11.12 kN turbofan , 11.12 kN (2,500 lbf) thrust[source]
S-211 · Wing area
Single source12.6 m 2 (136 sq ft)[source]
S-211 · fuel reserve
Single sourceS-211 · with
Single source3 hours 50 minutes with 30 minutes fuel reserve[source]
S-211 · 4,100 ft/min
Single source21 m/s (4,100 ft/min)[source]
Bars compare reported quantities only. A larger figure does not make a system better; configurations and test conditions differ.
| Primary users | PLA Air Force Pakistan Air Force Egyptian Air Force Myanmar Air Force Bangladesh Air Force[source] | Republic of Singapore Air Force (historical) Philippine Air Force Haitian Air Force (historical)[source] |
|---|
| Number built | 735+[source] | ~60[source] |
|---|
| Manufactured | 1990–2020[source] | 1981–1994[source] |
|---|
| Introduction date | 21 September 1994[source] | 1984[source] |
|---|
| First flight | 21 November 1990[source] | 10 April 1981[source] |
|---|
| Guns | 1× 23 mm cannon pod (mounted on centreline hardpoint)[source] | gun pods[source] |
|---|
| Hardpoints | Up to 5 hardpoints (varies on variants), total capacity 1,000 kg (2,205 lb) external fuel and ordnance: 4× under-wing, capacity 250 kg each 1× under-fuselage (23 mm cannon pod mount)[source] | 4 with a capacity of 660 kg (1,460 lb) maximum[source] |
|---|
| g limits | +7.33 -3.0[source] | +6 -3 clean; +5 -2.5 with external stores[source] |
|---|
| Wing loading | 254.40 kg/m 2 (52.11 lb/sq ft)[source] | — |
|---|
| Rockets | 57 mm unguided rocket pods, capacity 24 rounds (2 x pods with 12 rounds each)[source] | rocket launchers (such as the SNEB 68 mm rocket pods[source] |
|---|
| Air-to-air missiles | PL-5 , PL-7[source] | — |
|---|
| Air-to-ground missiles | TL-10 , TL-20 , YJ-9E (Anti ship) . NG Version only.[source] | — |
|---|
| Bombs | 200 kg, 250 kg unguided bomb . 50 kg, 100 kg Laser guided bomb . NG Version only.[source] | unguided bombs[source] |
|---|
| Others | 2× 80 US gal (300 L) fuel drop-tanks mounted on outboard under-wing hardpoints[source] | — |
|---|
| Developed into | — | Aermacchi M-345[source] |
|---|
| Aspect ratio | — | 5.64[source] |
|---|
| Airfoil | — | root: NYU/KU 15%; tip: NYU/KU 13%[source] |
|---|
| Fuel capacity | — | 800 L (210 US gal; 180 imp gal) internal with provision for 540 L (140 US gal; 120 imp gal) in two underwing drop tanks[source] |
|---|
| Stall speed | — | 138 km/h (86 mph, 75 kn) flaps down[source] |
|---|
| Never exceed speed | — | 740 km/h (460 mph, 400 kn)[source] |
|---|
| Time to altitude | — | 6,100 m (20,000 ft) in 6 minutes 12 seconds[source] |
|---|
| Take-off run | — | 390 m (1,280 ft) ISA at sea level[source] |
|---|
| Landing run | — | 361 m (1,184 ft) ISA at sea level[source] |
|---|
| Take-off run to 15 m (49 ft) | — | 512 m (1,680 ft)[source] |
|---|
| Landing run from 15 m (49 ft) | — | 705 m (2,313 ft)[source] |
|---|
| Role | — | turbofan -powered military trainer aircraft[source] |
|---|
| Source measurement | — | SIAI-Marchetti started to develop the S-211 in 1976 as a private venture initiative, announcing its existence during the following year. In April 1981, the first prototype performed its maiden flight . The Singapore Air Force placed the first order for ten aircraft in 1983. Some 60 aircraft have been sold to air forces around the world. Following Aermacchi 's purchase of SIAI-Marchetti in 1997, the former has held the production rights to the type. An extensively redesigned and modernised derivative, the Aermacchi M-345 , has been developed by Alenia Aermacchi , and entered service in 2020.[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Lead; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage The S-211's single JTI5D-4C engine provides a maximum thrust output of 11.12 kN (2,500 lbs) and a specific fuel consumption of 0.57 lb/h/lb. This powerplant facilitates a maximum speed of 414 knots at 25,000 ft and a rate of climb of 5,100 ft per minute. Fuel is housed internally within both the integral wing tank and a bladder cell within the fuselage, accommodating a combined 955 L (210 U.S. gal). For greater range, a maximum of two drop tanks can be installed upon the inner hard points of the wing, each having a capacity of 323 L (71 U.S. gal). Fuel is transferred between the various tanks and to the engine via a double-ended turbine pump . Ground refuelling involves a single fill point present on the wing, which is fed either by gravity flow or by an optionally installed pressurised refuelling system.[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Design; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Philippine Air Force (PAF) – 3 units active in 2024. 25 aircraft delivered, including one partially completed airframe for spare parts and 15 assembled locally by Philippine Aerospace Development Corporation . Due to accidents, 13 remain in inventory, 5 in active service as of September 2013 (Tail numbers 001,002,021,801 and 802). Another aircraft with tail number 008 is planned to be overhauled and brought back to service in 2014. 105th Training Squadron "Blackjacks" , 5th Fighter Wing 7th Tactical Fighter Squadron "Bulldogs" , replaced by KAI FA-50PH Fighting Eagle in 2015–2017.[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Operators / Military operators / Current; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Two second-hand aircraft (ex-Haitian AF) are operated by private companies.[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Operators / Civilian operators; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage On 19 November 2023, two civilian registered, VH-DQJ and VH-DZJ, S-211 aircraft collided mid-air above Port Phillip Bay, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) offshore from Mount Martha in Victoria, Australia. One aircraft (VH-DQJ) safely landed at Essendon Airport, while the other aircraft crashed into the water in Port Phillip. On 21 November, TV presenter Charley Boorman identified the two persons on board, one a photographer with whom he had worked; and, police announced that the main part of the crashed aircraft had been found in Port Phillip Bay.[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Accidents and incidents; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Length: 9.31 m (30 ft 7 in)[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Wingspan: 8.43 m (27 ft 8 in)[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Height: 3.8 m (12 ft 6 in)[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Wing area: 12.6 m 2 (136 sq ft)[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Empty weight: 1,850 kg (4,079 lb)[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Max takeoff weight: 2,750 kg (6,063 lb) (trainer, clean)[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage 3,150 kg (6,940 lb) (armed version)[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D-4D 11.12 kN turbofan , 11.12 kN (2,500 lbf) thrust[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Cruise speed: 667 km/h (414 mph, 360 kn) maximum at 7,620 m (25,000 ft)[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Stall speed: 138 km/h (86 mph, 75 kn) flaps down[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Never exceed speed : 740 km/h (460 mph, 400 kn)[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Range: 1,668 km (1,036 mi, 901 nmi) maximum on internals with 30 minutes reserve fuel[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Ferry range: 2,483 km (1,543 mi, 1,341 nmi) with max internal and external fuel, at 3,150 kg (6,940 lb) at 500 km/h (310 mph; 270 kn) at 9,150 m (30,020 ft)[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Endurance: 3 hours 50 minutes with 30 minutes fuel reserve[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Service ceiling: 12,200 m (40,000 ft)[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage maximum sustained load at 4,575 m (15,010 ft): 3.4g[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Rate of climb: 21 m/s (4,100 ft/min)[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Time to altitude: 6,100 m (20,000 ft) in 6 minutes 12 seconds[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Take-off run: 390 m (1,280 ft) ISA at sea level[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Landing run: 361 m (1,184 ft) ISA at sea level[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Take-off run to 15 m (49 ft): 512 m (1,680 ft)[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Landing run from 15 m (49 ft): 705 m (2,313 ft)[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Hardpoints: 4 with a capacity of 660 kg (1,460 lb) maximum[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Rockets: rocket launchers (such as the SNEB 68 mm rocket pods[source]SIAI-Marchetti S.211 · Specifications (S-211); only the objects and conditions stated in this passage |
|---|