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BAir defence
series of surface-to-air anti-ballistic missile and anti-aircraft defense systems
At a glance
Measured figures
Length
Single source5.8 m (19 ft)[source]
Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Length
Single sourceConfiguration
| Specification | 9K31 Strela-1 | Sky Bow |
|---|---|---|
| Type | Vehicle-mounted SAM system[source] | series of surface-to-air anti-ballistic missile and anti-aircraft defense systems[source] |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union[source] | — |
| In service | 1968–present[source] | The TK-2, TK-3 and TK-4 are in service with the Military of the Republic of China[source] |
| Used by | See list of operators[source] | Military of the Republic of China[source] |
Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Length
Single source5.673 m[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
5.498 m[source]Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
travelling
Single source2.3 m (7.5 ft) (travelling)[source]
Diameter
Single source120 mm (4.7 in)[source]
Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Diameter
Single sourceSky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Diameter
Single source0.42 m[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
0.4 m[source]Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
Mass
Single source7,000 kg (15,000 lb)[source]
Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Mass
Single sourceSky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Mass
Single source1,135 kg[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
870 kg[source]Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
commander, gunner and driver
Single source3 (commander, gunner and driver)[source]
Operational; Operational range
Single source750 km (470 mi)[source]
Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Range
Single sourceSky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Range
Single source150 km[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
200 km[source]Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
GAZ 41 V-8 water-cooled petrol at 3,400 rpm
Single sourceGAZ 41 V-8 water-cooled petrol 140 hp at 3,400 rpm[source]
Bars compare reported quantities only. A larger figure does not make a system better; configurations and test conditions differ.
| Wars | Arab–Israeli wars Western Sahara War South African Border War Lebanon wars Iran–Iraq War Gulf War Yugoslav wars 2003 invasion of Iraq Russian invasion of Ukraine Syrian Civil War Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)[source] | — |
|---|
| Designer | OKB-16 design bureau (now the Moscow-based KB Tochmash Design Bureau of Precision Engineering)[source] | — |
|---|
| Manufacturer | Soviet state factories[source] | National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST)[source] |
|---|
| Produced | 1966[source] | — |
|---|
| Variants | 9K31, CA-95[source] | — |
|---|
| Armour | 5–14 mm (0.20–0.55 in)[source] | — |
|---|
| Main armament | 4 × 9M31 (or 9M31M)[source] | — |
|---|
| Power/weight | 20 hp/t (15 kW/t)[source] | — |
|---|
| Ground clearance | 0.43 m (1.4 ft)[source] | — |
|---|
| Fuel capacity | 290 litres (77 US gal)[source] | — |
|---|
| Guidance system | infrared homing[source] | — |
|---|
| Warhead | Frag-HE[source] | — |
|---|
| Detonation mechanism | RF Proximity[source] | — |
|---|
| Propellant | single-stage Solid-fuel rocket motor[source] | — |
|---|
| Flight altitude | 3,500 metres (11,500 ft) (some sources give also higher figures)[source] | — |
|---|
| Role | — | surface-to-air missile[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited surface-to-air missile[source]Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited |
|---|
| Propulsion | — | Single-stage dual-thrust solid-fuel rocket motor[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited Solid-fuel rocket motor[source]Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited |
|---|
| Launch platform | — | Underground silos and mobile launch vehicles[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited Towed quad launchers[source]Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited |
|---|
| Guidance | — | Inertial with mid-course guidance update from ground-based phased array radar, Active radar homing ( ARH ) for terminal guidance[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited |
|---|
| Introduced | — | 1997[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited |
|---|
| Country of origin | — | Taiwan[source]Inventory Origin column; table 5, row 4, cell 2; revision 1370505017; retrieved 2026-09-30 |
|---|
| Reported operators |
| — |
|---|