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BAir defence
series of surface-to-air anti-ballistic missile and anti-aircraft defense systems
At a glance
Measured figures
Length
Single source5,800 mm[source]
Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Length
Single sourceConfiguration
| Specification | 2K12 Kub | Sky Bow |
|---|---|---|
| Speed | Mach 2.8[source] | Mach 4.5[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited Mach 7.0[source]Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited |
| Type | Tracked medium-range surface-to-air missile system[source] | series of surface-to-air anti-ballistic missile and anti-aircraft defense systems[source] |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union[source] | — |
| In service | 1967–present |
Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Length
Single source5.673 m[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
5.498 m[source]Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
Diameter
Single source335 mm[source]
Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Diameter
Single sourceSky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Diameter
Single source0.42 m[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
0.4 m[source]Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
Mass
Single source599 kg[source]
Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Mass
Single sourceSky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Mass
Single source1,135 kg[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
870 kg[source]Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
Operational; Operational range
Single source24 kilometres (15 mi)[source]
Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Range
Single sourceSky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited · Range
Single source150 km[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
200 km[source]Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited
Bars compare reported quantities only. A larger figure does not make a system better; configurations and test conditions differ.
The TK-2, TK-3 and TK-4 are in service with the Military of the Republic of China[source] |
| Used by | See list of operators[source] | Military of the Republic of China[source] |
|---|
| Wars | List Yom Kippur War Angolan Civil War Chadian Civil War Western Sahara War Iran–Iraq War 1982 Lebanon War Gulf War Yugoslav wars Kosovo War Syrian Civil War Russo-Ukrainian War Russian invasion of Ukraine Yemeni Civil War (2014–present) 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war[source] | — |
|---|
| Designer | NIIP / Vympel MMZ ( GM chassis )[source] | — |
|---|
| Designed | 1958–1967[source] | — |
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| Manufacturer | Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant (SURNs) ZiK (TELs)[source] | National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST)[source] |
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| Produced | 1968–1985[source] | — |
|---|
| No. built | 500 launchers, 10,000 missiles[source] | — |
|---|
| Variants | 2K12 Kub, 2K12E Kvadrat (export version), 2K12M3, 2K12M4[source] | — |
|---|
| Main armament | 3 3M9M4(or variants) guided missiles[source] | — |
|---|
| Engine | Integral rocket motor/ ramjet booster and sustainer motor[source] | — |
|---|
| Guidance system | Command guidance with terminal semi-active radar homing (SARH)[source] | — |
|---|
| Warhead | Frag-HE[source] | — |
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| Detonation mechanism | Contact and proximity[source] | — |
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| Propellant | integral rocket motor/ramjet booster and sustainer motor[source] | — |
|---|
| Flight altitude | Max. 14,000 metres (46,000 ft) Min. 100 metres (330 ft)[source] | — |
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| Launch platform | 2P25 TEL[source] | Underground silos and mobile launch vehicles[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited Towed quad launchers[source]Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited |
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| Role | — | surface-to-air missile[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited surface-to-air missile[source]Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited |
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| Propulsion | — | Single-stage dual-thrust solid-fuel rocket motor[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited Solid-fuel rocket motor[source]Sky Bow III only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited |
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| Guidance | — | Inertial with mid-course guidance update from ground-based phased array radar, Active radar homing ( ARH ) for terminal guidance[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited |
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| Introduced | — | 1997[source]Sky Bow II only; retired Sky Bow I values not inherited |
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| Country of origin | — | Taiwan[source]Inventory Origin column; table 5, row 4, cell 2; revision 1370505017; retrieved 2026-09-30 |
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| Reported operators |
| — |
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