French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle vs Italian aircraft carrier Cavour

Clemenceau class^[source]

PA2 (cancelled) PANG (planned)^[source]

€ 3 billion (2001) (equivalent to € 4.47 billion in 2025)^[source]

€ 1.39 billion (2010)^[source]

1989–2000^[source]

2001–present^[source]

1^[source]

1^[source]

Charles de Gaulle^[source]

Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour^[source]

3 February 1986^[source]

22 November 2000^[source]

Naval Group^[source]

Fincantieri^[source]

14 April 1989 (stacking of elements in prefabrication from 24 November 1987)^[source]

17 July 2001^[source]

7 May 1994^[source]

20 July 2004^[source]

18 May 2001^[source]

Ordered as Richelieu on 3 February 1986, renamed Charles de Gaulle 18 May 1987^[source]

Toulon , France^[source]

Taranto^[source]

Pennant number : R91 MMSI number : 228711555^[source]

Pennant number : 550^[source]

CDG^[source]

Jack with the colours of the Free French Forces (front) and the ribbon of the Ordre de la Libération (back)^[source]

in active service^[source]

Active^[source]

Aircraft carrier^[source]

Aircraft carrier^[source]

45 days of food^[source]

800 commandos, 500 t (490 long tons; 550 short tons) of ammunition^[source]

DRBJ 11 B tridimensional air search radar Thales SMART-S MK2 (replacing DRBJ 11B) DRBV 26D air search radar DRBV 15C low altitude air search radar Arabel target acquisition radar^[source]

– Selex RAN-40L 3D L-band long-range radar Selex ES EMPAR (SPY-790) multifunction radar Selex ES RAN-30X/I RASS (SPS-791) surface radar 2 × SELEX ES RTN-25X Orion, fire direction radars PAR (Precision Approach Radar) Selex ES MM/SPN-720 PALS (Precision Approach and Landing System) Telephonics AN/SPN-41A 2 × GEM Elettronica MM/SPN-753(v)10 navigation radars Selex ES SIR-R/S IFF system TACAN SRN-15 A WASS SNA-2000 Mine Avoidance Sonar ( Leonardo Thesan ) 2 × Selex ES IRST SASS (Silent Acquisition and Surveillance System) GEM Elettronica IRST EOSS-100 underwater telephone^[source]

ARBR 21 Detector ARBB 33 Countermeasures suite ARBG2 MAIGRET Interceptor 4 × Sagaie decoys launcher SLAT ( Système de lutte anti-torpille ) torpedo countermeasures^[source]

Elettronica Spa NETTUNO-4100 ECM System – EW System (RESM/CESM, RECM)^[source]

4 × 8 cell A-43 Sylver launchers carrying the MBDA Aster 15 surface-to-air missile. 2 × 6 cell Sadral launchers carrying Mistral short-range missiles 20mm autocannons 8 × Giat 20F2 20 mm cannons (original) 3 × Nexter Narwhal (since 2019)^[source]

4 × 8-cell A-43 Sylver launchers carrying the MBDA Aster 15 surface-to-air missile 2 × OTO Melara 76/62 mm Strales guns 3 × OTO Melara 25/80 gun with Oerlikon KBA 25mm 2 × ODLS-H/ODLS OTO Melara decoy launching systems^[source]

30–40 aircraft, including 30 Rafale M (standard) 2 E-2C Hawkeye 2 NFH Caïman Marine 1 AS565 Panther ISR 2 AS365F Dauphin Pedro^[source]

flight deck: 232.60 m (763 ft 1 in) × 34.5 m (113 ft 2 in) 20–30 hangar capacity: 134.2 m (440 ft 3 in) × 21.0 m (68 ft 11 in) 10 × F-35B Lightning II 12 × AgustaWestland AW101 LBA Systems Bayraktar TB3 (future)^[source]

The ship carries a complement of Dassault Rafale M and E-2C Hawkeye aircraft, AS365F Dauphin Pedro , EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopters for combat search and rescue , as well as modern electronics and Aster missiles. She is a CATOBAR -type carrier that uses two 75 m (246 ft) C13‑3 steam catapults of a shorter version of the catapult system installed on the US Nimitz -class aircraft carriers, one at the bow and one at the waist. As of March 2026, Charles de Gaulle and the Chinese aircraft carrier Fujian were the only non-American aircraft carriers equipped with catapult launch systems. The catapults on Charles de Gaulle allow it to operate F/A-18E/F Super Hornets and C-2 Greyhounds of the United States Navy.^[source]French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle · Lead; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

The hull was laid down in April 1989 at the DCN Brest naval shipyard. The carrier was launched in May 1994 and at 42,000 tonnes (full load) was the largest warship launched in Western Europe since HMS Ark Royal in 1950. She was to be named Richelieu in 1986 by the French president at the time, François Mitterrand , after the famous French statesman Armand-Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu . On 18 May 1987, the name of the ship was changed to Charles de Gaulle by the Gaullist Prime Minister Jacques Chirac .^[source]French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle · Development / Construction; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

The ship left Toulon for her fourteenth and final sea trial on 24 October 2000. During the night of 9–10 November, in the Western Atlantic while en route toward Norfolk , Virginia , the port propeller broke, and the ship had to return to Toulon to have a replacement fitted. Although the supplier, Atlantic Industrie, was not believed to have intentionally been at fault, it was nevertheless blamed for poor-quality construction. Not long after the French defence minister ordered an investigation on quality management, a fire destroyed the archives of the supplier. As a temporary solution, the less advanced spare propellers of Clemenceau were used, limiting the maximum speed to 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph) instead of the contractual 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph).^[source]French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle · Development / Trials and technical problems; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

On 5 March 2001, Charles de Gaulle returned to sea with the ex- Clemenceau propellers and reached 25.2 knots (46.7 km/h; 29.0 mph) on her trials.^[source]French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle · Development / Trials and technical problems; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

Charles de Gaulle 's first major overhaul began in September 2007. The highlight of this 15-month refit was the refuelling of the nuclear power plant , a necessary step after six years in service, during which Charles de Gaulle sailed the equivalent of 12 times around the world, spent 900 days at sea, and performed 19,000 catapult launches. Several improvements were also made, including the installation of new propellers. These allow Charles de Gaulle to reach her design speed of 27 knots, replacing the propellers used since 2001. Aircraft maintenance and weapons stores were also upgraded to allow the operation of new Rafale F3 fighters armed with ASMP-A nuclear missiles and SCALP EG cruise missiles, and satellite communications bandwidth will be increased tenfold. This refit increased displacement to 42,500 tonnes and was completed in December 2008. After technical problems in March 2009, the carrier was back in Toulon for repairs. An intensive work-up period was planned to bring Charles de Gaulle and her air group back to operational status.^[source]French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle · Development / Maintenance and upgrades; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

On 21 November 2001, France sent Charles de Gaulle to the Indian Ocean in support of Operation Enduring Freedom against Taliban -controlled Afghanistan. Task Force 473, with 2,900 personnel under the command of Contre-Amiral François Cluzel, sailed on 1 December. The task force was composed of Charles de Gaulle , frigates Lamotte-Picquet , Jean de Vienne and Jean Bart , the nuclear attack submarine Rubis , the tanker Meuse and the D'Estienne d'Orves -class aviso Commandant Ducuing . Embarked air power comprised sixteen Super Étendards , one E-2C Hawkeye, two Rafale Ms, and several helicopters. The Super Étendards carried out their first missions above Afghanistan on 19 December, executing reconnaissance and bombing missions, covering over 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi). Approximately 770 sorties were carried out from the carrier.^[source]French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle · Operational service / Afghanistan; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

On 28 November 2010, according to an Associated Press dispatch, the French Ministry of Defence announced that a French Rafale fighter jet crashed near Charles de Gaulle , which was operating 97 kilometres (60 mi) off the coast of Pakistan in the Arabian Sea in support of coalition forces in Afghanistan. The pilot parachuted to safety and was picked up by helicopter, and as of 2010 , the cause of the crash was under investigation.^[source]French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle · Operational service / Fifth overseas deployment: Task Force 473 and Operation Agapanthus 2010; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

From 18 November to 2 December 2021, Charles de Gaulle took part in Exercise POLARIS 21 in the western Mediterranean Sea.^[source]French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle · Operational service / Clemenceau 21; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

The aircraft carrier was located to the northwest of Cyprus and 100 km (54 nmi) from the coast of Turkey . The ship's location was inadvertently leaked when an officer used the fitness app Strava to log his own runs aboard the ship.^[source]French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle · Operational service / Iran and Strait of Hormuz crisis; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

Following completion of the midlife upgrade, in October 2018 the French armed forces minister announced an eighteen-month study to determine the requirements for a future carrier. In December 2020, President Macron announced that construction of the New Generation Aircraft Carrier (Porte-avions de nouvelle génération or PANG) would begin in around 2025 with sea trials to start in about 2036. The carrier is planned to have a displacement of around 75,000 tons and to carry about thirty-two next-generation fighters , two or three E-2D Advanced Hawkeyes, and a yet-to-be-determined number of unmanned carrier air vehicles. In March 2026, President Macron announced that the future carrier would be named France Libre after the Free France government-in-exile led by de Gaulle during World War II. Hull assembly is expected to begin in 2032, and commissioning is targeted for 2038.^[source]French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle · French aircraft carrier procurement; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

27 March 2008^[source]

10 June 2009^[source]

In arduis servare mentem Remain calm even in dire straits^[source]

4 LCVP^[source]

Italy^[source]