Dassault Falcon 900 vs Embraer ERJ family

French Air and Space Force Japan Coast Guard Nigerian Air Force Royal Malaysian Air Force^[source]

CommuteAir Piedmont Airlines Airlink JSX^[source]

>500^[source]

1,231^[source]

1984–present^[source]

1992–2020 2003–2016 (China)^[source]

21 September 1984 ( 1984-09-21 )^[source]

11 August 1995^[source]

Dassault Falcon 50^[source]

Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia^[source]

Dassault Falcon 2000 Dassault Falcon 7X^[source]

19 passengers^[source]

8,690 kg (19,160 lb)^[source]

7.63:1^[source]

158 km/h (98 mph, 85 kn) (wheels and flaps down)^[source]

6 April 1997^[source]

Embraer E/P/R-99 Embraer Legacy 600^[source]

The Embraer ERJ family (for Embraer Regional Jet ) are regional jets designed and produced by the Brazilian aerospace company Embraer . The family includes the ERJ 135 (37 passengers), ERJ 140 (44 passengers), and ERJ 145 (50 passengers), as well as the Legacy 600 business jet and the R-99 family of military aircraft.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Lead; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

Development of the ERJ 145 was launched in 1989. Its early design took the form of a turbofan -powered stretch of the existing turboprop -powered EMB 120 Brasilia regional aircraft. After the project was temporarily suspended in 1990, work on a revised configuration was undertaken during the early 1990s. While retaining the three-abreast seating of the Brasilia, the twinjet featured a new swept wing and is powered by two rear-fuselage-mounted Rolls-Royce AE 3007 turbofans for a range up to 2,000 nautical miles [nmi] (3,700 km; 2,300 mi). By the time of its maiden flight on 11 August 1995, Embraer had garnered 18 firm orders, 16 options and 127 letters of intent for the type. On 10 December 1996, the ERJ 145 received its type certificate ; it entered revenue service with ExpressJet Airlines on 6 April 1997.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Lead; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

Embraer prioritised the rapid expansion of the family, leading to the introduction of the shortened ERJ 135 and ERJ 140 in 1999. The ERJ series' primary competition came from the similarly sized Bombardier CRJ100/200 regional jets. In December 2002, Embraer entered a partnership with the Chinese aerospace manufacturer Harbin Aircraft Industry Group to jointly produce the ERJ 145 in Harbin , China; this production line was shuttered in 2016 after producing 41 aircraft. Overall production of the type was terminated in 2020, by which point 1,231 aircraft were built. By this point, the ERJ family had been eclipsed by the newer and more advanced E-Jet family .^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Lead; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

The 45–48 seat EMB 145, nicknamed Amazon, was launched at the Paris Air Show in 1989 as an 18-foot (5.5 m) stretch of the EMB 120 Brasilia developed for US$150 million plus $50 million for training and marketing, one third the cost of the cancelled Short Brothers FJX project. Its $11 million unit cost would have been $3 million less than the Canadair CRJ . The jet was anticipated to be able to travel at 400 knots (740 km/h; 460 mph), equipped with the CFE738 , Lycoming ALF 502 or Rolls-Royce/Allison AB580 turbofan engines, with the model to be selected in the summer of 1989. It was targeted for a late 1992 introduction with six produced, then ramping to 60 per year by 1995. It aimed for half of a market for 1,000 aircraft with break-even after twelve years with 400 sold.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Development / Background and early design; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

Keeping 75% of the Brasilia parts and systems, the EMB 145 Amazon aimed for a 1991 first flight. The stretch resulted from two 11-foot (3.4 m) plugs of the 7-foot-6-inch (2.29 m) diameter fuselage in the front and behind the redesigned 538-square-foot (50.0 m 2 ) wing. Its supercritical airfoil with a 14% root thickness had its chord extended at the leading edge with a slight sweepback , increased aspect ratio and winglets. The overwing podded engines were expected to generate 6,400 pounds-force (28 kN) of thrust. Designed for 500–600 nmi (930–1,110 km; 580–690 mi) stages, up to 1,400 nmi (2,600 km; 1,600 mi) with a reduced payload, it had a 36,375 lb (16,500 kg) maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) and a 21,045 lb (9,546 kg) operating empty weight .^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Development / Background and early design; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

In early 1990, no engine supplier willing to share the risk of the $250 million development was yet selected. The Allison GMA3007 (later renamed the Rolls-Royce AE 3007 ) was selected in March 1990, with a maximum 40 kN (7,100 lbf) take-off thrust and growth capability to 45 kN (10,000 lbf), first flight was then due in September 1991. Rolls-Royce could participate in the fan and low-pressure turbine, its original responsibility on the RB.580 joint development. By May, it had 296 commitments from 19 operators, and was seeking external finance. In June, maiden flight was expected by the end of 1990 before mid-1993 deliveries for $11.5 million each, cabin pressurisation was increased to 0.55 bar (8.0 psi) from the Brasilia 0.48 bar (7.0 psi).^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Development / Engine selection; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

Following the engine selection, design was revised: length decreased from 27.08 to 26.74 m (88.8 to 87.7 ft), span increased from 22.37 to 22.49 m (73.4 to 73.8 ft), aspect ratio to 9.3 from 9.2. MTOW rose from 16,500 to 18,500 kg (36,400 to 40,800 lb), basic operating weight from 9,560 to 10,940 kg (21,080 to 24,120 lb), maximum fuel from 3,900 to 4,210 kg (8,600 to 9,280 lb) and payload from 4,500 to 5,160 kg (9,920 to 11,380 lb); wing loading increased from 330 to 370 kg/m 2 (68 to 76 lb/sq ft), time-to-climb to FL400 gained 5 min to 30 min and maximum cruise rose from 405 to 428 kn (750 to 793 km/h) at FL360. The first delivery in 1993 was slated to Comair , which ordered 60. In November 1990, a major reduction in Brazilian government spending, which held 61% of its voting share, resulted in Embraer laying off 32% of its 12,800 employees and suspending development of the EMB 145 for six months.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Development / Engine selection; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

In March 1991, a revised configuration started wind tunnel testing: the quarter chord wing sweep increased to 22.3° with underslung engines for lower aerodynamic drag . This reduced the span by almost 2 to 20.5 m (6 ft 7 in to 67 ft 3 in), reducing its aspect ratio from 9.3 to 8.4 and wing area from 50 to 47 m 2 (540 to 510 sq ft). The semi-monocoque wing has two main and one auxiliary spar and holds 4,500 kg (9,900 lb) of fuel, it has double-slotted fowler flaps and spoilers . To accommodate the underwing engines, the landing gear is longer, allowing use of jetways , and the fuselage was lengthened from 25.8 to 26 m (85 to 85 ft).^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Development / Revised design; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

During June 1991, the Brazilian Government loaned $600 million to Embraer and in July the programme was re-evaluated while tooling was 80% complete. By November 1991, Embraer was still looking for partners to share the risk of the $350 million project, hoping to obtain Government approval by the end of the year. Sold at $12 million with an all-digital cockpit and 31.8 kN (7,100 lbf) engines, it had letters of intent for 337 units. The scheduled date for the first flight slipped to 1992 and certification for late 1993.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Development / Revised design; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

After re-evaluation late in 1991, the layout was again revised with two rear-fuselage-mounted engines, and a Mach 0.8 cruise speed would be tested in the wind tunnel. Seat pitch is 79 cm (31 in). A further stretch to 50–55 passengers is limited by a 12° rotation angle. Embraer continued to look for partners to share the $350 million development as first flight was expected for late 1994. In December 1994, Embraer was privatised for 80% to Brazilian and US investors while 20% was kept by the Brazilian Government.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Development / Definitive design; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

The definitive ERJ 145 first flew on August 11, 1995, with 18 firm orders, 16 options and 127 letters of intent. A 1,300h flight-test programme for the prototype and three pre-series aircraft (excluding two ground-test airframes) was planned within 13 months for certification in the third quarter of 1996, before deliveries in the fourth quarter of 1996 to launch customer Flight West . The $14.5 million aircraft is developed with risk-sharing partners including Spain's Gamesa producing the wing; Chile's Enaer for the tail; and the USA's C&D Interiors equipping the cabin. The standard maximum ramp weight is 19,300 and 20,300 kg (42,500 and 44,800 lb) for the extended-range, it is fitted with Honeywell Primus 1000 integrated avionics.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Development / Definitive design; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

The estimated $300 million development cost is divided between Embraer for 34%, risksharing partners for 33% (including Belgium's SONACA supplying centre and rear fuselage sections, doors, engine pylons and wing leading-edges), long-term loans from Brazilian development-funding institutions for 23% and participating suppliers for 10%. On both 370 km (200 nm) hubfeeder and 1,100 km hub-bypass sectors, the EMB145 was expected to offer lower operating costs than the similarly priced Saab 2000 high-speed turboprop and the CRJ . Its $15 million price was $4 million lower than the CRJ.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Development / Definitive design; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

In July 1996, its certification was targeted for October, and the unit cost was then forecast to be US$15 million. The first delivery was planned for late November, while 29 aircraft were to be produced in 1997, 38 in 1998 and at least 48 per year thereafter. Its MTOW could be raised from the standard 19,200 to 20,600 kg (42,300 to 45,400 lb) for an Enhanced Range version. Flight tests allowed to increase its cruise speed to Mach 0.78 from 0.74, and showed fuel economy was 7% better than predicted. Before the Summer 1996 Farnborough Airshow , Embraer held 62 firm orders and 218 options. Continental Express then purchased 25 EMB145s and took 175 options. More than 50 seats would need a wider fuselage for four-abreast seating, an enlarged wing and a more powerful turbofan.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Development / Definitive design; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

During December 2002, Embraer entered a partnership with the Chinese aerospace manufacturer Harbin Aircraft Industry Group , resulting in the creation of Harbin Embraer Aircraft Industry , a joint venture company, to locally produce the ERJ 145 in Harbin for the Chinese market. The assembly line was sized to produce a maximum of 24 aircraft per year, assembling complete knock down kits prepared by Embraer at its facilities overseas. During February 2004, the first delivery of a Chinese-assembled ERJ 145 took place; two months later, China Southern took delivery for two of the locally-built ERJ145s.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Development / Production in China; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

The ERJ 140 is 1.42 metres (4 ft 8 in) shorter, seating 44 passengers, and has 96% parts commonality with the ERJ145. The only significant changes are a shorter fuselage , a slightly derated engine and an increased range. The ERJ140 was designed with fewer seats in order to meet the needs of some major United States airlines, which have an agreement with the pilots' union to limit the number of 50-seat aircraft that can be flown by their affiliates. At launch, Embraer estimated the cost of an ERJ140 to be approximately US$15.2 million. The estimated cost of development of the ERJ140 was US$45 million.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Development / Shortened versions; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

The ERJ 135 is 3.54 metres (11 ft 7 in) shorter, seating 37 passengers, and has 95% parts commonality with the ERJ145. The first ERJ 135 entered service in 1999.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Development / Shortened versions; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

In a typical commuter/airliner configuration, the ERJ 145 can accommodate up to 60 seats, although many operators would have fewer seats than this on their selected configuration. Embraer has offered a premium cabin configuration, which seats between 16 and 28 passengers in a more comfortable and spacious arrangement. The cabin can accommodate various interiors, these being customisable to fulfil each customer's own requirements. The fittings can be suited to various market sectors, from the relatively modest commuter to the more luxury-inclined VIP traveller. It is typical, but not compulsory, for ERJ 135/145 airliners to be configured with an offset aisle. Dependent on an individual aircraft's role, overhead bins may be installed; their exclusion gives more headroom but reduces the available storage space for carry-on luggage.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Design; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

ERJ 135ER – Extended Range, although this is the baseline 135 model. Simple shrink of the ERJ145, seating thirteen fewer passengers, for a total of 37 passengers.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Variants / Civilian models; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

ERJ 140ER – Extended Range, although this is the baseline 140 model. Simple shrink of the ERJ145, seating six fewer passengers for a total of 44 passengers.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Variants / Civilian models; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

ERJ 140LR – Long Range (increased fuel capacity (5,187 kg) and upgraded engines. Launch customer: American Eagle (Envoy) .^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Variants / Civilian models; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

ERJ 145EU – Model optimized for the European market. Same fuel capacity as 145LR (4,174 kg) but a lower MTOW 19,990 kg^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Variants / Civilian models; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

ERJ 145EP – Same fuel capacity as 145ER (4,174 kg) but an increased MTOW 20,990 kg. Launch customer: Flybmi .^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Variants / Civilian models; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

ERJ 145LR – Long Range – increased fuel capacity (5,187 kg) and upgraded engines.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Variants / Civilian models; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

ERJ 145LU – Same fuel capacity as 145LR (5,187 kg) but an increased MTOW 21,990 kg. Launch customer: Luxair .^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Variants / Civilian models; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

The extended range version, the ERJ 145ER, has Rolls-Royce AE 3007A engines rated at 31.3 kN (7,036 lb) thrust, with the option of more powerful AE 3007A1 engines. A, A1, A1P models are mechanically identical but differ in thrust due to variations in FADEC software. The A1E engine, however, has not only new software, but significantly upgraded mechanical components.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Variants / Civilian models; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

The long-range ERJ 145LR aircraft is equipped with Rolls-Royce AE 3007A1 engines which provide 15% more power. The engines are flat rated at 33.1 kN (7,440 lb) thrust to provide improved climb characteristics and improved cruise performance in high ambient temperatures.^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Variants / Civilian models; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

EMB 145SA ( E-99A / E-99M) – Airborne Early Warning model^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Variants / Military models; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

EMB 145H ( Hellenic Air Force ) – Airborne Early Warning model^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Variants / Military models; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

Belgian Air Component (operated two ERJ 135 and two ERJ 145 between 2001 and 2020 in passenger transport and VIP roles)^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Operators / Military operators; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

^ 6,100 m (20,013 ft) on one engine^[source]Embraer ERJ family · Specifications; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage