37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) vs AZP S-60

FORCETALLY

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AAnti-aircraft guns

37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K)

Anti-aircraft gun Autocannon

Credit

One half 3544 · Public domain · Resized · Public domain · Source ↗ · Modified

BAnti-aircraft guns

AZP S-60

Soviet towed, road-transportable, short- to medium-range, single-barrel anti-aircraft gun

Credit

No machine-readable author provided. Bukvoed assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY 2.5 · Resized · CC BY 2.5 · Source ↗ · Modified

First system

Second system

At a glance

Side by side

37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K)larger figure on 1 of 4

Crew+14%

AZP S-60larger figure on 3 of 4

Mass+122%
Calibre+54%
Muzzle velocity+14%

Counts only measures both sources give with the same scope. A larger figure is not a better system.

Measured figures

Head to head

39 of 108 rows sourced on both sides

—

8.5m

Length

All recorded figures & sources

8.5 m

Length

Single source

8.5 m (27 ft 11 in)^[source]

—

2.05m

Width

All recorded figures & sources

Configuration

Details

37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) and AZP S-60 configuration
Specification	37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K)	AZP S-60
Type	Anti-aircraft gun Autocannon^[source]	Autocannon^[source]
Place of origin	Soviet Union^[source]	Soviet Union^[source]
In service	1939–present^[source]	1950–present^[source]
Used by	See Users^[source]

Wars	List of conflicts World War II First Indochina War Korean War Vietnam War Laotian Civil War Cambodian Civil War Cambodian–Vietnamese War Sino-Vietnamese War Portuguese Colonial War Somali Civil War South African Border War Lebanese Civil War Syrian Civil War Yemeni Civil War (2015–present) Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen Tigray War^[source]	See § Conflicts^[source]

Manufacturer	Podolsk Mechanical Plant^[source]	TsAKB^[source]

Produced	1939–1945 (USSR)^[source]	—

No. built	20,000 (USSR)^[source]	—

Shell	37×252mmSR^[source]	Fixed QF 57×347mmSR^[source]

Shell weight	730 g (1.61 lb) Frag-T 770 g (1.70 lb) AP-T^[source]	—

Recoil	Hydro-spring^[source]	—

Carriage	Four-wheeled with twin outriggers^[source]	Four wheels with outriggers^[source]

Elevation	−5° to 85°^[source]	−4° to +85°^[source]

Traverse	360°^[source]	360°^[source]

Former operator · Afghanistan	Afghanistan^[source]	—

Former operator · Albania	Albania^[source]	—

Former operator · Bulgaria	Bulgaria^[source]	—

Former operator · East Germany	East Germany^[source]	—

Former operator · Finland	Finland^[source]	—

Former operator · Georgia	Georgia^[source]	—

Former operator · Indonesia	Indonesia^[source]	—

Former operator · Iraq	Iraq^[source]	—

Former operator · Islamic State	Islamic State^[source]	—

Former operator · Morocco	Morocco^[source]	—

Former operator · Mali	Mali^[source]	—

Former operator · Mongolia	Mongolia^[source]	—

Former operator · Nicaragua	Nicaragua^[source]	—

Former operator · North Yemen	North Yemen^[source]	—

Former operator · Poland	Poland^[source]	—

Former operator · Romania	Romania^[source]	—

Former operator · Soviet Union	Soviet Union^[source]	—

Former operator · Somalia	Somalia^[source]	—

Former operator · Yugoslavia	Yugoslavia^[source]	—

Former operator · Zaire	Zaire^[source]	—

Role	Soviet 37 mm calibre anti-aircraft gun^[source]	Soviet towed, road-transportable, short- to medium-range, single-barrel anti-aircraft gun^[source]

Source measurement	The 37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) ( Russian : 37-мм автоматическая зенитная пушка образца 1939 года (61-К) ) is a Soviet 37 mm calibre anti-aircraft gun developed during the late 1930s and used during World War II . The land-based version was replaced in Soviet service by the AZP S-60 during the 1950s. Guns of this type were successfully used throughout the Eastern Front against dive bombers and other low- and medium-altitude targets. It also had some usefulness against lightly armoured ground targets.^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Lead; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage The Soviet Navy purchased a number of Bofors 25 mm Model 1933 guns in 1935, trials of the weapon were successful, and it was decided to develop a 45 mm version of the weapon designated the 49-K. The development under the guidance of leading Soviet designers M. N. Loginov , I. A. Lyamin and L. V. Lyuliev was successful, but the army thought that the 45 mm calibre was a little too large for an automatic field weapon. In January 1938 the Artillery Factory Number 8 in Sverdlovsk was ordered to develop a 37 mm weapon based on the same design. The task was fulfilled by the chief designer of the factory, Mikhail Loginov , and his assistant Lev Loktev . Firing trials of the new 61-K were conducted in October 1938.^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Development; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Armour penetration of the armour-piercing (AP) rounds is reported as 37 millimetres of rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) at 60°at 500 metres range and 28 millimetres of RHA at 90° at 1,500 metres range.^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Development / Land version; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage After this an 85- calibre 100 mm (3.9 in) anti-aircraft mounts long version, the 45 mm/85, was developed and accepted into service in 1954, it was deployed in twin and quad turrets on a number of classes of vessels, including the Neustrashimy , Kildin and Kotlin-class destroyers . However, it was later replaced with the ZIF-31 twin 57 mm mounting.^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Development / Naval version; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage The 37 mm twin mounting was exported to China where it was manufactured and used extensively, as the "Type 65". A turret-based version was produced from the late 1980s called the "Type 76" or H/PJA 76.^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Development / Naval version; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage The ZSU-37 was developed late in the Second World War, it was a single 37 mm gun mounted in a large open turret on the chassis of the SU-76 self-propelled gun.^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Development / ZSU-37; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Recoil length: 150 to 175 mm^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Specifications; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage Norinco (Chinese) Type 55 – towed single-barreled 37 mm, copy of the M1939 (61-K) Type 63/65 – self-propelled twin 37 mm gun based on the T-34-85 chassis. Type 65 – towed twin-barreled 37 mm, copy of the M1939 (61-K) Type 74 – towed twin-barreled 37 mm, upgrade of the towed Type 65, with a greater rate of fire. Type 74SD – Type 74 with servo system removed for operation with Type 800 laser course director system. Type 79-III – upgraded version of the Type 74 with electro-optical director, and powered traverse and elevation. Type 76 – Naval version of the twin 37 mm. P793 – Advanced twin-barrel version, with electro-optical predicting sight and higher rate of fire and lengthened barrels giving a higher muzzle velocity (1,000 m/s). Operated by a crew of 5 or 6.^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Variants; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage	—

Source measurement

The 37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) ( Russian : 37-мм автоматическая зенитная пушка образца 1939 года (61-К) ) is a Soviet 37 mm calibre anti-aircraft gun developed during the late 1930s and used during World War II . The land-based version was replaced in Soviet service by the AZP S-60 during the 1950s. Guns of this type were successfully used throughout the Eastern Front against dive bombers and other low- and medium-altitude targets. It also had some usefulness against lightly armoured ground targets.^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Lead; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

The Soviet Navy purchased a number of Bofors 25 mm Model 1933 guns in 1935, trials of the weapon were successful, and it was decided to develop a 45 mm version of the weapon designated the 49-K. The development under the guidance of leading Soviet designers M. N. Loginov , I. A. Lyamin and L. V. Lyuliev was successful, but the army thought that the 45 mm calibre was a little too large for an automatic field weapon. In January 1938 the Artillery Factory Number 8 in Sverdlovsk was ordered to develop a 37 mm weapon based on the same design. The task was fulfilled by the chief designer of the factory, Mikhail Loginov , and his assistant Lev Loktev . Firing trials of the new 61-K were conducted in October 1938.^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Development; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

Armour penetration of the armour-piercing (AP) rounds is reported as 37 millimetres of rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) at 60°at 500 metres range and 28 millimetres of RHA at 90° at 1,500 metres range.^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Development / Land version; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

After this an 85- calibre 100 mm (3.9 in) anti-aircraft mounts long version, the 45 mm/85, was developed and accepted into service in 1954, it was deployed in twin and quad turrets on a number of classes of vessels, including the Neustrashimy , Kildin and Kotlin-class destroyers . However, it was later replaced with the ZIF-31 twin 57 mm mounting.^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Development / Naval version; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

The 37 mm twin mounting was exported to China where it was manufactured and used extensively, as the "Type 65". A turret-based version was produced from the late 1980s called the "Type 76" or H/PJA 76.^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Development / Naval version; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

The ZSU-37 was developed late in the Second World War, it was a single 37 mm gun mounted in a large open turret on the chassis of the SU-76 self-propelled gun.^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Development / ZSU-37; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

Recoil length: 150 to 175 mm^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Specifications; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

Norinco (Chinese) Type 55 – towed single-barreled 37 mm, copy of the M1939 (61-K) Type 63/65 – self-propelled twin 37 mm gun based on the T-34-85 chassis. Type 65 – towed twin-barreled 37 mm, copy of the M1939 (61-K) Type 74 – towed twin-barreled 37 mm, upgrade of the towed Type 65, with a greater rate of fire. Type 74SD – Type 74 with servo system removed for operation with Type 800 laser course director system. Type 79-III – upgraded version of the Type 74 with electro-optical director, and powered traverse and elevation. Type 76 – Naval version of the twin 37 mm. P793 – Advanced twin-barrel version, with electro-optical predicting sight and higher rate of fire and lengthened barrels giving a higher muzzle velocity (1,000 m/s). Operated by a crew of 5 or 6.^[source]37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) · Variants; only the objects and conditions stated in this passage

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Origin reported by inventory	Soviet Union China^[source]Inventory Origin column; table 9, row 2, cell 4; revision 1373498165; retrieved 2026-10-02 Soviet Union^[source]Inventory Origin column; table 15, row 24, cell 3; revision 1375897637; retrieved 2026-10-02 Soviet Union^[source]Inventory Origin column; table 4, row 5, cell 2; revision 1365890955; retrieved 2026-10-02 China^[source]Inventory Origin column; table 3, row 4, cell 3; revision 1376512630; retrieved 2026-10-01 Soviet Union^[source]Inventory Origin column; table 4, row 4, cell 2; revision 1364971517; retrieved 2026-10-01	—

Origin reported by inventory

Soviet Union China^[source]Inventory Origin column; table 9, row 2, cell 4; revision 1373498165; retrieved 2026-10-02

Soviet Union^[source]Inventory Origin column; table 15, row 24, cell 3; revision 1375897637; retrieved 2026-10-02

Soviet Union^[source]Inventory Origin column; table 4, row 5, cell 2; revision 1365890955; retrieved 2026-10-02

China^[source]Inventory Origin column; table 3, row 4, cell 3; revision 1376512630; retrieved 2026-10-01

Soviet Union^[source]Inventory Origin column; table 4, row 4, cell 2; revision 1364971517; retrieved 2026-10-01

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Designer	—	Vasiliy Grabin^[source]

Action	—	Recoil operated^[source]

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